The India Power Atlas
Part III · Society and Organisation
Chapter 8

Party and Movement Cadres

Arena 2.1 · weight 3 · reading 51.3 · contested

8.1Scope

Organised, disciplined manpower.1

The arena is measured by political cadres only: active members of parties, Sangh cadre organisations, student wings, Left fronts and Muslim political-religious bodies (party drives cut to their active core); cadre intensity (organised units that meet on a fixed cycle, RSS shakhas against CPI(M) branches); and who wins campus elections. Trade unions and farmer fronts sit outside this arena.

8.2Significance

Booth management and turnout, campus and union elections, relief work, street presence, campaigns.

8.3Indicators and weights

Table 8.1 lists the 3 indicators of the arena, the weight of each within the arena, and each indicator’s reading (the Hindutva-aligned share, from 0 to 100).

Table 8.1. Indicators of arena 2.1

IndicatorWeightReading
Active political cadres, adjusted (millions)20.5551.0
Cadre intensity: organised units that meet on a fixed cycle30.3065.1
Campus elections 2026-27 (ABVP share of central-panel posts, 9 campuses)40.1524.8
Arena reading1.0051.3

8.4Reading

The arena reads 51.3, 1.3 points above parity, and is classified as contested (a reading from 45 to below 60). With a weight of 3 of a total 107.7, it contributes 1.43 points to the composite reading of 45.7.

The indicators diverge: the highest reading is for cadre intensity: organised units that meet on a fixed cycle (65.1), the lowest for campus elections 2026-27 (ABVP share of central-panel posts, 9 campuses) (24.8).

Figure 8.1. Readings of arena 2.1 by indicator
050100
Active political cadres, adjusted (millions)51.0
Cadre intensity: organised units that meet on a fixed cycle65.1
Campus elections 2026-27 (ABVP share of central-panel posts, 9 campuses)24.8
Arena reading51.3
Hindutva-alignedOpposed

Each bar divides the indicator between Hindutva-aligned (left) and opposed (right) holdings. The vertical rule marks parity.

8.5Measures and exhibits

The exhibits below are the Atlas’s own views of the data behind each measure: shares by side, the largest units, breakdowns by source, recipient and country, money-flow diagrams and time series. Full row-level ledgers are in the data file (Appendix D).

Measure 1. Active political cadres, adjusted (millions)

Reading 51.0%

Political cadres only (parties, Sangh cadre organisations, student wings, Left fronts, Muslim political-religious bodies; no trade unions or farmer fronts). Party drives × 14.3% (the BJP’s own active-to-primary ratio), audited counts at face value, other claims × 50%; the cadre-growth lever applies.

Figure 8.2. Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (members)
Hindutva-aligned 3,95,52,971 members · 31.4%Opposed 8,62,43,726 members · 68.6%Transactional 0 members · 0.0%Neutral / not counted 0 members · 0.0%
Data table
membersShare
Hindutva-aligned3,95,52,97131.4%
Opposed8,62,43,72668.6%
Transactional00.0%
Neutral / not counted00.0%
Figure 8.3. The 15 biggest of 17 (members)
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)2,00,00,000
Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind (Mahmood Madani faction)1,10,00,000
AIDWA1,05,21,442
Telugu Desam Party (TDP)1,00,52,598
Janata Dal (United) (JD(U))1,00,01,925
Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)1,00,00,000
Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)98,00,000
DYFI96,21,879
ABVP (Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad)76,98,448
Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP)68,00,000
NSUI55,00,000
Biju Janata Dal (BJD)47,00,000
SFI (Students Federation of India)43,00,405
Bajrang Dal40,00,000
Sahakar Bharati10,00,000
Hindutva-alignedOpposed
Data table
membersSide
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)2,00,00,000Opposed
Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind (Mahmood Madani faction)1,10,00,000Opposed
AIDWA1,05,21,442Opposed
Telugu Desam Party (TDP)1,00,52,598Hindutva-aligned
Janata Dal (United) (JD(U))1,00,01,925Hindutva-aligned
Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)1,00,00,000Opposed
Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)98,00,000Opposed
DYFI96,21,879Opposed
ABVP (Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad)76,98,448Hindutva-aligned
Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP)68,00,000Hindutva-aligned
NSUI55,00,000Opposed
Biju Janata Dal (BJD)47,00,000Opposed
SFI (Students Federation of India)43,00,405Opposed
Bajrang Dal40,00,000Hindutva-aligned
Sahakar Bharati10,00,000Hindutva-aligned
Figure 8.4. The 2 biggest of 2 (schools)
Ekal Vidyalaya one-teacher schools90,603
Vidya Bharati formal schools12,068
Data table
schoolsSide
Ekal Vidyalaya one-teacher schools90,603Hindutva-aligned
Vidya Bharati formal schools12,068Hindutva-aligned
Figure 8.5. The 2 biggest of 2 (party members)
CPI(M)10,19,009
CPI6,50,000
Data table
party membersSide
CPI(M)10,19,009Opposed
CPI6,50,000Opposed
Figure 8.6. Over time: BJP primary members, CPI party members, TDP members and 3 more · members
05 cr10 cr15 cr19801990200020102020BJP primary members (claimed, by drive) 2015: 11,00,00,000membersBJP primary members (claimed, by drive) 2017: 8,00,00,000membersBJP primary members (claimed, by drive) 2019: 18,00,00,000membersBJP primary members (claimed, by drive) 2025: 14,00,00,000membersCPI(M) party members 2018: 10,07,903membersCPI(M) party members 2021: 9,85,757membersCPI(M) party members 2024: 10,19,009membersTDP members (claimed) 2025: 1,00,52,598membersJD(U) members (claimed) 2026: 1,00,01,925membersCTUO verified members: AICCTU 2002: 6,39,962membersCTUO verified members: AITUC 1980: 3,44,746membersCTUO verified members: AITUC 1989: 9,38,486membersCTUO verified members: AITUC 2002: 34,42,239members14 cr1 cr1 cr34 lakh10 lakh6.4 lakh
BJP primary members (claimed, by drive)CPI(M) party membersTDP members (claimed)JD(U) members (claimed)CTUO verified members: AICCTUCTUO verified members: AITUC
Data table
BJP primary members (claimed, by drive)CPI(M) party membersTDP members (claimed)JD(U) members (claimed)CTUO verified members: AICCTUCTUO verified members: AITUC
19803,44,746
19899,38,486
20026,39,96234,42,239
201511,00,00,000
20178,00,00,000
201810,07,903
201918,00,00,000
20219,85,757
202410,19,009
202514,00,00,0001,00,52,598
20261,00,01,925
Figure 8.7. Over time: BJP active members · active members
050 lakh1 cr1.5 cr2 cr20252026BJP active members (claimed) 2025: 2,00,00,000active members2 cr
Data table
BJP active members (claimed)
20252,00,00,000
Figure 8.8. Over time: INC members · digital members
01 cr2 cr20222023INC members (claimed, by drive) 2022: 2,60,00,000digital members2.6 cr
Data table
INC members (claimed, by drive)
20222,60,00,000
Figure 8.9. Over time: INC members incl. paper · digital + paper members
02 cr4 cr20222023INC members incl. paper (claimed) 2022: 5,60,00,000digital + paper members5.6 cr
Data table
INC members incl. paper (claimed)
20225,60,00,000

Measure 2. Cadre intensity: organised units that meet on a fixed cycle

Reading 65.1%

RSS daily shakhas 1,01,151 (31 Oct 2026), weekly milans 32,606, monthly mandalis 13,211; Rashtra Sevika Samiti shakhas 4,886 1,51,854 vs CPI(M) branches 81,513 (monthly norm); no other party publishes a unit count 81,513

Figure 8.10. Cadre intensity: organised units that meet on a fixed cycle
Reading65.1%1,51,854 : 81,513
RSS daily shakhas 1,01,151 (31 Oct 2026), weekly milans 32,606, monthly mandalis 13,211; Rashtra Sevika Samiti shakhas 4,886CPI(M) branches 81,513 (monthly norm); no other party publishes a unit count
Data table
RSS daily shakhas 1,01,151 (31 Oct 2026), weekly milans 32,606, monthly mandalis 13,211; Rashtra Sevika Samiti shakhas 4,886CPI(M) branches 81,513 (monthly norm); no other party publishes a unit countRSS daily shakhas 1,01,151 (31 Oct 2026), weekly milans 32,606, monthly mandalis 13,211; Rashtra Sevika Samiti shakhas 4,886 share
Reading1,51,85481,51365.1%

Measure 3. Campus elections 2026-27 (ABVP share of central-panel posts, 9 campuses)

Reading 24.8%

DU 75, JNU 0, HCU 16.7, Panjab 25, Patna 40, Gauhati 66.7, Kerala 0, Calicut 0, Kannur 0; each campus counted equally; NDA-ally wings (Gauhati ACP) are swing and left out (owner, round 2 D5)

Figure 8.11. Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (posts won by ABVP (of 4))
Hindutva-aligned 3 posts won by ABVP (of 4) · 75.0%Opposed 1 posts won by ABVP (of 4) · 25.0%Transactional 0 posts won by ABVP (of 4) · 0.0%Neutral / not counted 0 posts won by ABVP (of 4) · 0.0%
Data table
posts won by ABVP (of 4)Share
Hindutva-aligned375.0%
Opposed125.0%
Transactional00.0%
Neutral / not counted00.0%
Figure 8.12. The 2 biggest of 2 (posts won by ABVP (of 4))
University of Delhi (DUSU)3
Panjab University (PUCSC)1
Hindutva-alignedOpposed
Data table
posts won by ABVP (of 4)Side
University of Delhi (DUSU)3Hindutva-aligned
Panjab University (PUCSC)1Opposed
Figure 8.13. Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (DUSU, JNUSU, UoHSU and 1 more) · posts of 4
02.557.5102010201520202025ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2010: 3posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2011: 3posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2012: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2013: 3posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2014: 4posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2015: 4posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2016: 3posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2017: 2posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2018: 3posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2019: 3posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2023: 3posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2024: 2posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2025: 3posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSU 2026: 3posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2013: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2014: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2015: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2016: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2017: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2018: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2019: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2024: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2025: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2014: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2015: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2010: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2012: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2013: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2014: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2015: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2016: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2017: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2018: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2019: 0posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2022: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2023: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2024: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2025: 1posts of 4ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2026: 1posts of 43110
ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSUABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSUABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSUABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC
Data table
ABVP central-panel posts won: DUSUABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSUABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSUABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC
201031
20113
201210
2013301
20144010
20154100
2016300
2017200
2018300
2019300
20221
202331
2024201
2025311
202631
Figure 8.14. Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (JNUSU) · posts of 8
02.557.51020122013ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU 2012: 0posts of 80
Data table
ABVP central-panel posts won: JNUSU
20120
Figure 8.15. Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (UoHSU) · posts of 6
02.557.510201620182020202220242026ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2016: 0posts of 6ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2017: 0posts of 6ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2018: 6posts of 6ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2019: 0posts of 6ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2025: 6posts of 6ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2026: 1posts of 61
Data table
ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU
20160
20170
20186
20190
20256
20261
Figure 8.16. Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (UoHSU) · posts of 10
02.557.51020232024ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2023: 0posts of 100
Data table
ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU
20230
Figure 8.17. Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (UoHSU) · posts of 5
02.557.51020242025ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU 2024: 0posts of 50
Data table
ABVP central-panel posts won: UoHSU
20240
Figure 8.18. Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (PUCSC) · posts of 2
02.557.51020112012ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC 2011: 0posts of 20
Data table
ABVP central-panel posts won: PUCSC
20110

Measure 4. Context: shown for reference, not part of the reading

Figure 8.19. Over time: RSS daily shakhas · daily shakhas
025k50k75k2010201520202025RSS daily shakhas 2010: 39,823daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2011: 39,908daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2012: 40,891daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2013: 42,981daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2014: 44,982daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2015: 51,330daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2016: 56,569daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2017: 57,233daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2018: 58,967daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2019: 59,266daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2021: 55,652daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2022: 60,929daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2023: 68,651daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2024: 73,117daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2025: 83,129daily shakhasRSS daily shakhas 2026: 88,949daily shakhas89k
Data table
RSS daily shakhas
201039,823
201139,908
201240,891
201342,981
201444,982
201551,330
201656,569
201757,233
201858,967
201959,266
202155,652
202260,929
202368,651
202473,117
202583,129
202688,949
Figure 8.20. Over time: RSS sthan · sthan
020k40k201520202025RSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2011: 27,078sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2012: 27,978sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2013: 28,788sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2014: 29,624sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2015: 33,222sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2016: 36,867sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2017: 36,693sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2018: 37,190sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2019: 37,011sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2021: 34,569sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2022: 38,390sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2023: 42,613sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2024: 45,600sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2025: 51,710sthanRSS sthan (places with daily shakha) 2026: 55,683sthan56k
Data table
RSS sthan (places with daily shakha)
201127,078
201227,978
201328,788
201429,624
201533,222
201636,867
201736,693
201837,190
201937,011
202134,569
202238,390
202342,613
202445,600
202551,710
202655,683
Figure 8.21. Over time: RSS weekly milans · weekly milans
010k20k30k201520202025RSS weekly milans 2011: 7,990weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2012: 8,508weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2013: 9,557weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2015: 12,847weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2016: 13,784weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2017: 14,650weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2018: 16,405weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2019: 17,229weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2021: 18,553weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2022: 20,681weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2023: 26,877weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2024: 27,717weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2025: 32,147weekly milansRSS weekly milans 2026: 32,606weekly milans33k
Data table
RSS weekly milans
20117,990
20128,508
20139,557
201512,847
201613,784
201714,650
201816,405
201917,229
202118,553
202220,681
202326,877
202427,717
202532,147
202632,606
Figure 8.22. Over time: RSS monthly mandalis · monthly mandalis
05,00010k201520202025RSS monthly mandalis 2011: 6,431monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2012: 6,445monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2013: 7,178monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2015: 9,008monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2016: 8,226monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2017: 7,790monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2018: 7,976monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2019: 8,382monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2021: 7,655monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2022: 7,923monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2023: 10,412monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2024: 10,567monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2025: 12,091monthly mandalisRSS monthly mandalis 2026: 13,211monthly mandalis13k
Data table
RSS monthly mandalis
20116,431
20126,445
20137,178
20159,008
20168,226
20177,790
20187,976
20198,382
20217,655
20227,923
202310,412
202410,567
202512,091
202613,211
Figure 8.23. Over time: CTUO provisional 2011 claims (AICCTU, AITUC, AIUTUC and 3 more) · members
02.5 cr5 cr7.5 cr20112012CTUO provisional 2011 claims: AICCTU 2011: 25,88,600membersCTUO provisional 2011 claims: AITUC 2011: 1,42,46,537membersCTUO provisional 2011 claims: AIUTUC (formerly UTUC-LS) 2011: 47,95,570membersCTUO provisional 2011 claims: ALL CTUOs 2011: 9,92,30,556membersCTUO provisional 2011 claims: BMS (Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh) 2011: 1,71,47,632membersCTUO provisional 2011 claims: CITU 2011: 57,85,691members9.9 cr1.7 cr1.4 cr58 lakh48 lakh26 lakh
CTUO provisional 2011 claims: AICCTUCTUO provisional 2011 claims: AITUCCTUO provisional 2011 claims: AIUTUC (formerly UTUC-LS)CTUO provisional 2011 claims: ALL CTUOsCTUO provisional 2011 claims: BMS (Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh)CTUO provisional 2011 claims: CITU
Data table
CTUO provisional 2011 claims: AICCTUCTUO provisional 2011 claims: AITUCCTUO provisional 2011 claims: AIUTUC (formerly UTUC-LS)CTUO provisional 2011 claims: ALL CTUOsCTUO provisional 2011 claims: BMS (Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh)CTUO provisional 2011 claims: CITU
201125,88,6001,42,46,53747,95,5709,92,30,5561,71,47,63257,85,691
Figure 8.24. Over time: Vidya Bharati formal schools · schools
05,00010k20242025Vidya Bharati formal schools 2024: 12,118schoolsVidya Bharati formal schools 2025: 12,068schools12k
Data table
Vidya Bharati formal schools
202412,118
202512,068

8.6Evidence base

The arena rests on 76 coded units and 185 time-series points. Of the units and flows, 28 are coded Hindutva-aligned, 47 opposed and 1 neutral, mixed or transactional. By source grade: 22 grade A, 4 grade B, 16 grade C, 28 grade D, 6 grade E.

The full set of rows for this arena, each with its source, is in the Atlas data file (Appendix D).

Notes

  1. RSS Prativedan 2026; party reports. ↩
  2. Parties, Sangh cadre organisations, student wings, Left youth and women fronts, Muslim political-religious mass bodies and Bhim Army only; trade unions, farmer fronts, cooperatives and service/education networks are not political cadres (rev 9.4). Party drives × 14.3% (BJP active/primary ratio), audited at face value, other self-claims × 50% (cadres_units.csv). ↩
  3. RSS daily shakhas 1,01,151: announced by Sunil Ambekar, Akhil Bharatiya Prachar Pramukh, on 31 Oct 2026 at the press briefing before the Akhil Bharatiya Karyakari Mandal in Indore (IANS; Organiser), with RSS work at 1,10,849 locations; weekly milans, monthly mandalis and Samiti shakhas from the Sarkaryavah Prativedan 2025-26 (no newer count given); CPI(M) 24th Congress Report on Organisation 2025. Counts units, not meetings: weighting by meeting frequency (daily vs monthly) would read about 97. ↩
  4. DU 75, JNU 0, HCU 16.7, Panjab 25, Patna 40, Gauhati 66.7, Kerala 0, Calicut 0, Kannur 0; each campus counted equally; NDA-ally wings (Gauhati ACP) are swing and left out (owner, round 2 D5). ↩