The Hindutva Project

The India Power Atlas

Money, Institutions and the Contest for Power in India

First edition · Atlas rev 9.40 · readings as of 2 Nov 2026

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Abstract

This book measures the distribution of power in contemporary India across 40 arenas, from religious demography, organised society, money, knowledge and the media to elections, the instruments of the State and external actors. In each arena it estimates the share held by actors aligned with Hindutva against all others, from 16,303 sourced research rows and 10,089 money flows. On the baseline, Hindutva-aligned actors hold 45.7 of every 100 points of power; without office at the Union and in the states, 36.7.

Composite reading: 45.7 Hindutva-aligned, 54.3 opposed
Hindutva-aligned 45.7Opposed 54.3

Contents

  1. Preface7
  2. Summary of Findings9
  3. A Note on Terms11
  4. List of Figures and Tables13
  5. Part IFramework55
  6. 1The Question56
  7. 2The Architecture of the Atlas58
  8. 3Measurement and the Composite Reading61
  9. 4Data, Coding and Limitations63
  10. Part IIDemography and Identity65
  11. 5Religious Demography and Electoral Geography67
  12. 6Cross-Caste Voting Cohesion among Hindus74
  13. 7The Committed Core Electorate86
  14. Part IIISociety and Organisation95
  15. 8Party and Movement Cadres97
  16. 9Public Opinion on Contested Questions108
  17. 10Religious Leadership and Institutions122
  18. 11The NGO and Advocacy Sector130
  19. 12Street Mobilisation and Veto Power138
  20. Part IVEconomy and Money148
  21. 13Large Business Owners149
  22. 14Private Funding for Ideological Causes158
  23. 15Trade Unions, Co-operatives and Farmer Organisations166
  24. Part VKnowledge and Expertise179
  25. 16Universities and Think Tanks180
  26. 17Expert Authority within the State197
  27. 18Schools, Textbooks and Civil-Service Preparation204
  28. Part VIMedia and Narrative213
  29. 19Television News215
  30. 20Interpersonal Political Communication220
  31. 21Digital Platforms230
  32. 22Newspapers and the Elite Press240
  33. 23Celebrities and Influencers249
  34. 24Cinema and Streaming255
  35. Part VIIElections263
  36. 25Vote Share264
  37. 26The Conversion of Votes into Seats276
  38. 27Leadership Popularity283
  39. 28Party Finance293
  40. Part VIIIThe State300
  41. 29Executive Office302
  42. 30Public Expenditure309
  43. 31Police and Central Agencies317
  44. 32The Civil Services324
  45. 33Regulators, Commissions and Appointed Bodies333
  46. 34Parliament341
  47. 35The Judiciary349
  48. 36Internal Security362
  49. Part IXExternal Actors381
  50. 37Western Media, Academia, Philanthropy and Rights Bodies383
  51. 38Global Technology Platforms403
  52. 39The United States418
  53. 40China429
  54. 41Pakistan, Bangladesh and Transnational Islamist Networks438
  55. 42Europe, Russia, the Gulf and Other States461
  56. 43Transnational Christian Organisations473
  57. 44The Diaspora and India’s Image Abroad481
  58. Part XThe Underlying Studies490
  59. 45The Flow of Money: An Overview492
  60. 46Power Index, Dynamics and Scenarios503
  61. 47Foreign and Diaspora Money513
  62. 48Domestic Giving, CSR and the Religious Economy518
  63. 49Political Money and Government Advertising522
  64. 50Social Media and Information Infrastructure531
  65. 51Whole-of-Population Discourse541
  66. 52News Media, Entertainment and Culture550
  67. 53Knowledge, Education and Expertise556
  68. 54Control of State Institutions568
  69. 55Economic Power, Welfare and Patronage575
  70. 56Religion, Demography, Identity and Memory582
  71. 57Law, Labour, Science and Corporate Bodies588
  72. 58International Opinion, Foreign Influence and Elite Networks596
  73. 59Calibration and Classification606
  74. Part XISynthesis619
  75. 60The Composite Reading620
  76. 61Durable and Office-Dependent Power623
  77. 62Limits and Further Research625
  78. AAppendix A: Codebook of Arenas and Indicators626
  79. BAppendix B: The Evidence Base634
  80. CAppendix C: Sources636
  81. DAppendix D: Data and Replication642

Citation

The Hindutva Project (2026). The India Power Atlas: Money, Institutions and the Contest for Power in India. First edition. indiapoweratlas.org.