The India Power Atlas
Part VII · Elections
Chapter 27

Leadership Popularity

Arena 6.3 · weight 3 · reading 60.0 · aligned majority

27.1Scope

The personal pull of the leader.1

The arena is measured by Best-PM preference against every named rival, rating of the PM’s performance, the NES 2024 PM choice and approval polls.

27.2Significance

Campaign surges and coalition glue; tied to one face.

27.3Indicators and weights

Table 27.1 lists the 4 indicators of the arena, the weight of each within the arena, and each indicator’s reading (the Hindutva-aligned share, from 0 to 100).

Table 27.1. Indicators of arena 6.3

IndicatorWeightReading
Best PM vs all named rivals (MOTN Aug 2026)20.4553.4
PM performance good/outstanding vs poor (MOTN)30.2065.4
Lokniti NES 2024 PM choice40.2060.3
Morning Consult approval (Mar 2026)50.1572.3
Arena reading1.0060.0

27.4Reading

The arena reads 60.0, 10.0 points above parity, and is classified as aligned majority (a reading of 60 or above). With a weight of 3 of a total 107.7, it contributes 1.67 points to the composite reading of 45.7.

The indicators diverge: the highest reading is for Morning Consult approval (Mar 2026) (72.3), the lowest for best PM vs all named rivals (MOTN Aug 2026) (53.4).

Figure 27.1. Readings of arena 6.3 by indicator
050100
Best PM vs all named rivals (MOTN Aug 2026)53.4
PM performance good/outstanding vs poor (MOTN)65.4
Lokniti NES 2024 PM choice60.3
Morning Consult approval (Mar 2026)72.3
Arena reading60.0
Hindutva-alignedOpposed

Each bar divides the indicator between Hindutva-aligned (left) and opposed (right) holdings. The vertical rule marks parity.

27.5Measures and exhibits

The exhibits below are the Atlas’s own views of the data behind each measure: shares by side, the largest units, breakdowns by source, recipient and country, money-flow diagrams and time series. Full row-level ledgers are in the data file (Appendix D).

Measure 1. Best PM vs all named rivals (MOTN Aug 2026)

Reading 53.4%

Modi 48.7 vs Rahul 27.1, Vijay 9.2, Mamata 2.0, Akhilesh 1.7, Dipke 1.3, Kejriwal 1.2

Figure 27.2. Best person to be the next PM, % of respondentsIndia Today-CVoter Mood of the Nation and Lokniti, each edition.
020406020252026Modi 2024.58: 49.1%Modi 2025.08: 51.2%Modi 2025.58: 51.5%Modi 2026: 54.7%Modi 2026.58: 48.7%Rahul Gandhi 2024.58: 22.4%Rahul Gandhi 2025.08: 24.9%Rahul Gandhi 2025.58: 24.7%Rahul Gandhi 2026: 26.6%Rahul Gandhi 2026.58: 27.1%48.727.1
ModiRahul Gandhi
Data table
ModiRahul Gandhi
2024.5849.122.4
2025.0851.224.9
2025.5851.524.7
202654.726.6
2026.5848.727.1
Figure 27.3. Each counted row (% respondents)Rates and shares are not added up: each row is its own reading.
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Narendra Modi48.7
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Rahul Gandhi27.1
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: C. Joseph Vijay9.2
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: others/none/cannot say8.8
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Mamata Banerjee2
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Akhilesh Yadav1.7
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Abhijeet Dipke1.3
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Arvind Kejriwal1.2
0100%
Hindutva-alignedOpposedNeutral / not counted
Data table
% respondentsSide
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Narendra Modi48.7Hindutva-aligned
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Rahul Gandhi27.1Opposed
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: C. Joseph Vijay9.2Opposed
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: others/none/cannot say8.8Neutral / not counted
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Mamata Banerjee2Opposed
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Akhilesh Yadav1.7Opposed
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Abhijeet Dipke1.3Opposed
MOTN Aug 2026 best PM: Arvind Kejriwal1.2Opposed
Figure 27.4. Over time: MOTN best PM (Modi, Rahul Gandhi, Vijay and 3 more) · % respondents
020406020182020202220242026MOTN best PM: Modi 2018: 49% respondentsMOTN best PM: Modi 2020: 66% respondentsMOTN best PM: Modi 2021: 24% respondentsMOTN best PM: Modi 2022: 53% respondentsMOTN best PM: Modi 2023: 52.3% respondentsMOTN best PM: Modi 2024: 49.1% respondentsMOTN best PM: Modi 2025: 51.5% respondentsMOTN best PM: Modi 2026: 48.7% respondentsMOTN best PM: Rahul Gandhi 2018: 27% respondentsMOTN best PM: Rahul Gandhi 2019: 34% respondentsMOTN best PM: Rahul Gandhi 2020: 8% respondentsMOTN best PM: Rahul Gandhi 2021: 10% respondentsMOTN best PM: Rahul Gandhi 2022: 9% respondentsMOTN best PM: Rahul Gandhi 2023: 15.8% respondentsMOTN best PM: Rahul Gandhi 2024: 22.4% respondentsMOTN best PM: Rahul Gandhi 2025: 24.7% respondentsMOTN best PM: Rahul Gandhi 2026: 27.1% respondentsMOTN best PM: Vijay (TVK) 2026: 9.2% respondentsMOTN best PM: Abhijeet Dipke (CJP) 2026: 1.3% respondentsMOTN best PM: Arvind Kejriwal 2026: 1.2% respondentsMOTN best PM: Amit Shah 2025: 2.3% respondents48.727.19.22.31.31.2
MOTN best PM: ModiMOTN best PM: Rahul GandhiMOTN best PM: Vijay (TVK)MOTN best PM: Abhijeet Dipke (CJP)MOTN best PM: Arvind KejriwalMOTN best PM: Amit Shah
Data table
MOTN best PM: ModiMOTN best PM: Rahul GandhiMOTN best PM: Vijay (TVK)MOTN best PM: Abhijeet Dipke (CJP)MOTN best PM: Arvind KejriwalMOTN best PM: Amit Shah
20184927
201934
2020668
20212410
2022539
202352.315.8
202449.122.4
202551.524.72.3
202648.727.19.21.31.2
Figure 27.5. Over time: MOTN best PM (Modi minus Rahul) · percentage points
020406020182020202220242026MOTN best PM: Modi minus Rahul (pts) 2018: 22percentage pointsMOTN best PM: Modi minus Rahul (pts) 2020: 58percentage pointsMOTN best PM: Modi minus Rahul (pts) 2021: 14percentage pointsMOTN best PM: Modi minus Rahul (pts) 2022: 44percentage pointsMOTN best PM: Modi minus Rahul (pts) 2023: 36.5percentage pointsMOTN best PM: Modi minus Rahul (pts) 2024: 26.7percentage pointsMOTN best PM: Modi minus Rahul (pts) 2025: 26.8percentage pointsMOTN best PM: Modi minus Rahul (pts) 2026: 21.6percentage points21.6
Data table
MOTN best PM: Modi minus Rahul (pts)
201822
202058
202114
202244
202336.5
202426.7
202526.8
202621.6

Measure 2. PM performance good/outstanding vs poor (MOTN)

Reading 65.4%

51 vs 27

Figure 27.6. Each counted row (% respondents)Rates and shares are not added up: each row is its own reading.
MOTN Aug 2026 Modi performance good/outstanding51
MOTN Aug 2026 Modi performance poor27
0100%
Hindutva-alignedOpposed
Data table
% respondentsSide
MOTN Aug 2026 Modi performance good/outstanding51Hindutva-aligned
MOTN Aug 2026 Modi performance poor27Opposed
Figure 27.7. Over time: MOTN Modi performance good/outstanding, MOTN Modi performance poor (% respondents)
02040608020182020202220242026MOTN Modi performance good/outstanding 2017: 69% respondentsMOTN Modi performance good/outstanding 2019: 71% respondentsMOTN Modi performance good/outstanding 2020: 78% respondentsMOTN Modi performance good/outstanding 2021: 74% respondentsMOTN Modi performance good/outstanding 2024: 58.6% respondentsMOTN Modi performance good/outstanding 2025: 58% respondentsMOTN Modi performance good/outstanding 2026: 51% respondentsMOTN Modi performance poor 2020: 5% respondentsMOTN Modi performance poor 2021: 8% respondentsMOTN Modi performance poor 2025: 26% respondentsMOTN Modi performance poor 2026: 27% respondents5127
MOTN Modi performance good/outstandingMOTN Modi performance poor
Data table
MOTN Modi performance good/outstandingMOTN Modi performance poor
201769
201971
2020785
2021748
202458.6
20255826
20265127

Measure 3. Lokniti NES 2024 PM choice

Reading 60.3%

41 vs 27

Figure 27.8. Over time: Lokniti PM choice (Modi, Rahul Gandhi) (% respondents)
0204020232024Lokniti PM choice: Modi 2023: 43.4% respondentsLokniti PM choice: Modi 2024: 48% respondentsLokniti PM choice: Rahul Gandhi 2023: 26.8% respondentsLokniti PM choice: Rahul Gandhi 2024: 27% respondents4827
Lokniti PM choice: ModiLokniti PM choice: Rahul Gandhi
Data table
Lokniti PM choice: ModiLokniti PM choice: Rahul Gandhi
202343.426.8
20244827

Measure 4. Morning Consult approval (Mar 2026)

Reading 72.3%

68 approve vs 26 disapprove

Measure 5. Context: shown for reference, not part of the reading

Figure 27.9. Over time: MOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share (NDA, INDIA) · % vote
02040202420252026MOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: NDA 2024: 44% voteMOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: NDA 2025: 46.7% voteMOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: NDA 2026: 45.1% voteMOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: INDIA 2024: 40% voteMOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: INDIA 2025: 41% voteMOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: INDIA 2026: 39.1% vote45.139.1
MOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: NDAMOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: INDIA
Data table
MOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: NDAMOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share: INDIA
20244440
202546.741
202645.139.1
Figure 27.10. Over time: MOTN best CM nationally (Yogi Adityanath, Arvind Kejriwal, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy and 1 more) · % respondents
010203040202020212022202320242025MOTN best CM nationally: Yogi Adityanath (BJP) 2020: 24% respondentsMOTN best CM nationally: Yogi Adityanath (BJP) 2022: 40% respondentsMOTN best CM nationally: Yogi Adityanath (BJP) 2025: 35.3% respondentsMOTN best CM nationally: Arvind Kejriwal (AAP) 2020: 15% respondentsMOTN best CM nationally: Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy (YSRCP) 2020: 11% respondentsMOTN best CM nationally: Mamata Banerjee (AITC) 2020: 9% respondents35.315119
MOTN best CM nationally: Yogi Adityanath (BJP)MOTN best CM nationally: Arvind Kejriwal (AAP)MOTN best CM nationally: Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy (YSRCP)MOTN best CM nationally: Mamata Banerjee (AITC)
Data table
MOTN best CM nationally: Yogi Adityanath (BJP)MOTN best CM nationally: Arvind Kejriwal (AAP)MOTN best CM nationally: Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy (YSRCP)MOTN best CM nationally: Mamata Banerjee (AITC)
20202415119
202240
202535.3
Figure 27.11. Over time: Lokniti satisfied with central govt · % somewhat/fully satisfied
0204060201920202021202220232024Lokniti satisfied with central (NDA) govt 2019: 65% somewhat/fully satisfiedLokniti satisfied with central (NDA) govt 2024: 57% somewhat/fully satisfied57
Data table
Lokniti satisfied with central (NDA) govt
201965
202457
Figure 27.12. Over time: Lokniti dissatisfied with central govt · %
02040201920202021202220232024Lokniti dissatisfied with central (NDA) govt 2019: 30%Lokniti dissatisfied with central (NDA) govt 2023: 40.2%Lokniti dissatisfied with central (NDA) govt 2024: 39%39
Data table
Lokniti dissatisfied with central (NDA) govt
201930
202340.2
202439
Figure 27.13. Over time: Lokniti satisfied with central govt, Morning Consult Modi approve · % approve
020406080202120222023202420252026Lokniti satisfied with central (NDA) govt 2023: 54.7% approveMorning Consult Modi approve 2021: 70% approveMorning Consult Modi approve 2022: 74% approveMorning Consult Modi approve 2023: 76% approveMorning Consult Modi approve 2024: 78% approveMorning Consult Modi approve 2025: 75% approveMorning Consult Modi approve 2026: 68% approve6854.7
Lokniti satisfied with central (NDA) govtMorning Consult Modi approve
Data table
Lokniti satisfied with central (NDA) govtMorning Consult Modi approve
202170
202274
202354.776
202478
202575
202668
Figure 27.14. Over time: Morning Consult Modi disapprove · % disapprove
0102030202120222023202420252026Morning Consult Modi disapprove 2021: 25% disapproveMorning Consult Modi disapprove 2022: 21% disapproveMorning Consult Modi disapprove 2025: 18% disapproveMorning Consult Modi disapprove 2026: 26% disapprove26
Data table
Morning Consult Modi disapprove
202125
202221
202518
202626
Figure 27.15. Over time: Pew Modi favourable · % favourable
02550752016201820202022Pew Modi favourable 2015: 87% favourablePew Modi favourable 2016: 81% favourablePew Modi favourable 2017: 88% favourablePew Modi favourable 2023: 79% favourable79
Data table
Pew Modi favourable
201587
201681
201788
202379
Figure 27.16. Over time: Pew Modi unfavourable · % unfavourable
051015202016201820202022Pew Modi unfavourable 2015: 11% unfavourablePew Modi unfavourable 2016: 16% unfavourablePew Modi unfavourable 2017: 10% unfavourablePew Modi unfavourable 2023: 20% unfavourable20
Data table
Pew Modi unfavourable
201511
201616
201710
202320

27.6Evidence base

The arena rests on 23 coded units and 125 time-series points. Of the units and flows, 11 are coded Hindutva-aligned, 11 opposed and 1 neutral, mixed or transactional. By source grade: 7 grade B, 16 grade C.

The full set of rows for this arena, each with its source, is in the Atlas data file (Appendix D).

Notes

  1. India Today-CVoter; Lokniti. ↩
  2. Modi 48.7 vs Rahul 27.1, Vijay 9.2, Mamata 2.0, Akhilesh 1.7, Dipke 1.3, Kejriwal 1.2. ↩
  3. 51 vs 27. ↩
  4. 41 vs 27. ↩
  5. 68 approve vs 26 disapprove. ↩