Economic Power, Welfare and Patronage

Business groups, welfare and cash transfers, land and the rural and urban economy.

The 9 figures in this chapter are reproduced from the report of Atlas research module M9, with the passage of the study that explains each. They keep the study’s own labels and colours: RW denotes the Hindutva-aligned bloc and LW the coalition that contests it (see A Note on Terms).

55.12.1 Money flows and stocks

MPLADS is owned by M3 (overlap-M3). It is MP-directed rather than party-directed, and M9 has no party-wise MPLADS release data (NO-DATA; see COVERAGE).

55.22.3 Election-cycle timing (V42b)

V42b. Direct cash transfers per resident, FY2018-19 to FY2025-26, in the 16 highest per-capita states, with assembly-poll lines (16th Finance Commission state tables). The 79% vs 16% poll-year growth contrast includes post-poll launches by new governments. It is descriptive only.

55.33.1 Business-group map (T45)

Party totals are identical in the two modules, and the lead should count the bond money once (M9 bond rows carry overlap-M3).

"No entry" means NO-DATA or "none found". For media, contracts and regulatory actions, "none found" is a finding after search, not a gap. Revenue NO-DATA marks unlisted groups whose MCA AOC-4 filings were not reachable (pull #3).

55.43.6 Credit (AC; T46; F46)

F46. SCB write-offs by borrower category (left); GeM GMV and central share (right).

55.54. Community economic power and livelihood dependence (§13D–E; T47; F47) — aggregate only

How dependence relates to alignment. Identified evidence links excludable benefits to the incumbent's vote, conditionally (§2.5). Survey evidence links beneficiaries to whoever delivers and claims the credit, whichever party that is. Trader and business networks lean to the BJP in Lokniti surveys, but those surveys were not fetched (R, unverified), so no figure is reported.

55.65. D29 Land and property (T48; F48)

F48. FRA claim rejection by state (left); land owned against share of households, rural India (right).

55.76. D36 Agriculture and rural power (F36)

F36. MSP paid for paddy and wheat by state (left); farm-loan waivers by paying party, with ◆ marking those within 12 months before a poll (right).

55.87. D37 Urban power (F37)

F37. Municipal corporation budgets and years without elected councils.