The India Power Atlas

List of Figures and Tables

The book contains 788 figures and 54 tables.

Chapter 2 The Architecture of the Atlas

  1. Tab. 2.1Domains, arenas, number of indicators and weights58

Chapter 5 Religious Demography and Electoral Geography

  1. Tab. 5.1Indicators of arena 1.168
  2. Fig. 5.1Readings of arena 1.1 by indicator68
  3. Fig. 5.2Over time: Census share (Hindu, Muslim, Christian and 3 more) (% of population)69
  4. Fig. 5.3Seat arithmetic: Lok Sabha seats where Muslims are under 20%69
  5. Fig. 5.4India by faith, % of people (Census 2011)69
  6. Fig. 5.5Each community, % of people69
  7. Fig. 5.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (people)70
  8. Fig. 5.7The 15 biggest of 280 (people)70
  9. Fig. 5.8Over time: Census population (Hindu, Muslim, Christian and 3 more) (million)70
  10. Fig. 5.9Over time: Faith-base reading H/, Faith-base reading H/ 2026 projection · 0-10071
  11. Fig. 5.10Over time: Pew 2015 projection: Hindu, Pew 2015 projection: Muslim, Pew 2025 estimate: Hindu and 3 more · % of population71
  12. Fig. 5.11Over time: Pew 2025 estimate: Muslims in India, RGI Technical Group projected total population · million72
  13. Fig. 5.12Over time: TFR (NFHS) (Hindu, Muslim, Christian and 3 more) · children per woman72

Chapter 6 Cross-Caste Voting Cohesion among Hindus

  1. Tab. 6.1Indicators of arena 1.274
  2. Fig. 6.1Readings of arena 1.2 by indicator75
  3. Fig. 6.2NDA vote vs all other votes among Hindus by caste group, 2024 (%)76
  4. Fig. 6.3Each counted row: the 15 highest of 21 (% NDA vote)76
  5. Fig. 6.4The 6 biggest of 6 (respondents (NES 2024 jati code count))77
  6. Fig. 6.5The 6 biggest of 6 (respondents (NES 2014 group n))77
  7. Fig. 6.6Over time: NDA % of ALL Hindu votes, caste-weighted, NDA % of ALL Hindu votes, caste-weighted) · % NDA vote77
  8. Fig. 6.7Over time: INDIA % of ALL Hindu votes, caste-weighted, INDIA % of ALL Hindu votes, caste-weighted) · % INDIA vote78
  9. Fig. 6.8Over time: INDIA % of ALL Hindu votes, caste-weighted · % UPA vote78
  10. Fig. 6.9Over time: NDA % of all Hindu votes, Lokniti published, BJP % of all Hindu votes, Lokniti published · % vote79
  11. Fig. 6.10Each counted row: the 15 highest of 24 (% NDA vote among Hindu voters (estimated))80
  12. Fig. 6.11Over time: Cohesion OLD (100 minus caste gap) · 0-10081
  13. Fig. 6.12Over time: Cohesion NEW: % of Hindus in caste groups where…, Cohesion ALT: % of Hindus in caste groups where… · % of Hindus81
  14. Fig. 6.13Over time: Cohesion ALT (minimum NDA % across Hindu caste groups) · % NDA vote81
  15. Fig. 6.14Over time: Two-way NDA/ among Hindus, Two-way NDA/ among Hindus) · 0-10082
  16. Fig. 6.15Over time: State component: Hindu-population-weighted NDA …, State component: simple mean across states, State NDA % among Hindu voters: Uttar Pradesh and 3 more · % NDA vote83
  17. Fig. 6.16Over time: State component coverage (Hindus in the states used) · % of Hindus83
  18. Fig. 6.17Regional identity: India-first and the Hindu NDA vote in the South and Bengal83

Chapter 7 The Committed Core Electorate

  1. Tab. 7.1Indicators of arena 1.387
  2. Fig. 7.1Readings of arena 1.3 by indicator87
  3. Fig. 7.2BJP vote share in Lok Sabha elections, %88
  4. Fig. 7.3Each counted row: the 15 highest of 88 (% of valid votes)88
  5. Fig. 7.4Over time: BJP Lok Sabha vote share · % of valid votes89
  6. Fig. 7.5Over time: BJP Lok Sabha seats · seats89
  7. Fig. 7.6Each counted row (% of valid votes)89
  8. Fig. 7.7Each counted row (% of respondents)90
  9. Fig. 7.8Each counted row (% of voters)90
  10. Fig. 7.9Over time: BJP voters who would have changed vote without … · % of BJP voters90
  11. Fig. 7.10Over time: BJP vote not dependent on Modi · % of valid votes90
  12. Fig. 7.11Over time: Core reading, current formula 0.5*floor2009 + 0… · 0-10091
  13. Fig. 7.12Each counted row (% of respondents)91
  14. Fig. 7.13Each counted row (% of partisans)91
  15. Fig. 7.14Over time: BJP share of party identifiers, INC share of party identifiers · % of partisans92
  16. Fig. 7.15Over time: BJP identifiers, % of all respondents · % of respondents92
  17. Fig. 7.16Each counted row: the 15 highest of 232 (% of valid votes)93

Chapter 8 Party and Movement Cadres

  1. Tab. 8.1Indicators of arena 2.197
  2. Fig. 8.1Readings of arena 2.1 by indicator98
  3. Fig. 8.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (members)99
  4. Fig. 8.3The 15 biggest of 17 (members)99
  5. Fig. 8.4The 2 biggest of 2 (schools)99
  6. Fig. 8.5The 2 biggest of 2 (party members)99
  7. Fig. 8.6Over time: BJP primary members, CPI party members, TDP members and 3 more · members100
  8. Fig. 8.7Over time: BJP active members · active members100
  9. Fig. 8.8Over time: INC members · digital members100
  10. Fig. 8.9Over time: INC members incl. paper · digital + paper members101
  11. Fig. 8.10Cadre intensity: organised units that meet on a fixed cycle101
  12. Fig. 8.11Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (posts won by ABVP (of 4))101
  13. Fig. 8.12The 2 biggest of 2 (posts won by ABVP (of 4))102
  14. Fig. 8.13Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (DUSU, JNUSU, UoHSU and 1 more) · posts of 4102
  15. Fig. 8.14Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (JNUSU) · posts of 8102
  16. Fig. 8.15Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (UoHSU) · posts of 6103
  17. Fig. 8.16Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (UoHSU) · posts of 10103
  18. Fig. 8.17Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (UoHSU) · posts of 5103
  19. Fig. 8.18Over time: ABVP central-panel posts won (PUCSC) · posts of 2104
  20. Fig. 8.19Over time: RSS daily shakhas · daily shakhas104
  21. Fig. 8.20Over time: RSS sthan · sthan104
  22. Fig. 8.21Over time: RSS weekly milans · weekly milans105
  23. Fig. 8.22Over time: RSS monthly mandalis · monthly mandalis105
  24. Fig. 8.23Over time: CTUO provisional 2011 claims (AICCTU, AITUC, AIUTUC and 3 more) · members105
  25. Fig. 8.24Over time: Vidya Bharati formal schools · schools106

Chapter 9 Public Opinion on Contested Questions

  1. Tab. 9.1Indicators of arena 2.2108
  2. Fig. 9.1Readings of arena 2.2 by indicator109
  3. Fig. 9.2Each counted row (% Hindutva share of decided)110
  4. Fig. 9.3Over time: UCC support, CAA support · % support110
  5. Fig. 9.4Over time: CAA support · % "helps persecuted minorities"111
  6. Fig. 9.5Over time: CAA support · % approve111
  7. Fig. 9.6Over time: NRC support · % implement nationwide111
  8. Fig. 9.7Over time: NRC support · % "good step"112
  9. Fig. 9.8Over time: Art 370 (should be revoked/repealed) · % should be revoked112
  10. Fig. 9.9Over time: Art 370 (should be revoked/repealed) · % should have been repealed112
  11. Fig. 9.10Over time: Art 370 (want it reinstated) · % want Art 370 reinstated113
  12. Fig. 9.11Over time: Caste census support · % in favour113
  13. Fig. 9.12Over time: Same-sex marriage support/acceptance · % accepted113
  14. Fig. 9.13Over time: Same-sex marriage support/acceptance · % favour legal SSM114
  15. Fig. 9.14Over time: Homosexuality never justifiable · % never justifiable114
  16. Fig. 9.15Over time: Op Sindoor a strong response · % strong114
  17. Fig. 9.16Each counted row (% Hindutva share of decided)115
  18. Fig. 9.17Over time: India belongs only to Hindus · % only Hindus115
  19. Fig. 9.18Over time: Minorities should adopt majority customs, Govt must protect minorities even if majority d… · % fully agree116
  20. Fig. 9.19Over time: Minorities should adopt majority customs · % fully disagree116
  21. Fig. 9.20Over time: Vote BJP for Hindutva-aligned · % main reason116
  22. Fig. 9.21Over time: Communal harmony improved under NDA · % improved117
  23. Fig. 9.22Over time: Communal harmony deteriorated under NDA · % deteriorated117
  24. Fig. 9.23Over time: Will of majority community should prevail, Special treatment for minorities needed · % fully agree118
  25. Fig. 9.24Over time: Strong leader who need not bother about electio… · % agree118
  26. Fig. 9.25Over time: Strong leader without parliament/elections good · % very/fairly good118
  27. Fig. 9.26Over time: Ram temple named biggest govt achievement, Ram Mandir most-liked central govt work · % single pick119
  28. Fig. 9.27Over time: Satisfied with govt response to Pahalgam · % completely satisfied119
  29. Fig. 9.28Over time: Would not like other-religion neighbours · % mentioned119
  30. Fig. 9.29Over time: Religion very important in life · % very important120

Chapter 10 Religious Leadership and Institutions

  1. Tab. 10.1Indicators of arena 2.3122
  2. Fig. 10.1Readings of arena 2.3 by indicator123
  3. Fig. 10.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million followers)124
  4. Fig. 10.3The 15 biggest of 119 (million followers)124
  5. Fig. 10.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (views, 12 months Oct 2025-Sep 2026 (m))124
  6. Fig. 10.5The 15 biggest of 193 (views, 12 months Oct 2025-Sep 2026 (m))125
  7. Fig. 10.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore a year)125
  8. Fig. 10.7The 15 biggest of 28 (₹ crore a year)126
  9. Fig. 10.8The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where127
  10. Fig. 10.9The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)127
  11. Fig. 10.10The biggest recipients (₹ crore)128
  12. Fig. 10.11By country of origin (₹ crore)128
  13. Fig. 10.12Organised institutions: places of worship (Census 2011, by district faith shares) and madrasas128

Chapter 11 The NGO and Advocacy Sector

  1. Tab. 11.1Indicators of arena 2.4131
  2. Fig. 11.1Readings of arena 2.4 by indicator131
  3. Fig. 11.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore a year)132
  4. Fig. 11.3The 15 biggest of 523 (₹ crore a year)132
  5. Fig. 11.4The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where133
  6. Fig. 11.5The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)133
  7. Fig. 11.6The biggest recipients (₹ crore)134
  8. Fig. 11.7By country of origin (₹ crore)134
  9. Fig. 11.8The 4 biggest of 4 (organisations)135
  10. Fig. 11.9Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore a year)135
  11. Fig. 11.10The 15 biggest of 31 (₹ crore a year)136

Chapter 12 Street Mobilisation and Veto Power

  1. Tab. 12.1Indicators of arena 2.5138
  2. Fig. 12.1Readings of arena 2.5 by indicator139
  3. Fig. 12.2Veto points won 2019-26: the State, companies, studios, platforms and venues made to back down139
  4. Fig. 12.3Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (veto score 0-3)139
  5. Fig. 12.4The 15 biggest of 97 (veto score 0-3)140
  6. Fig. 12.5Over time: Veto points, side H, Veto points, side R, Veto points, side N · veto points 1985-1999140
  7. Fig. 12.6Over time: Episodes, side H, Episodes ending in State concession, side H, Episodes with any State response, side H and 3 more · episodes 1985-1999141
  8. Fig. 12.7Over time: H share of H+R veto points, Concession rate, all sides · %141
  9. Fig. 12.8Over time: Veto points, side H, Veto points, side R, Veto points, side N · veto points 2000-2013141
  10. Fig. 12.9Over time: Episodes, side H, Episodes ending in State concession, side H, Episodes with any State response, side H and 3 more · episodes 2000-2013142
  11. Fig. 12.10Over time: Veto points, side H, Veto points, side R, Veto points, side N · veto points 2014-2019142
  12. Fig. 12.11Over time: Episodes, side H, Episodes ending in State concession, side H, Episodes with any State response, side H and 3 more · episodes 2014-2019142
  13. Fig. 12.12Over time: Veto points, side H, Veto points, side R, Veto points, side N · veto points 2020-2026143
  14. Fig. 12.13Over time: Episodes, side H, Episodes ending in State concession, side H, Episodes with any State response, side H and 3 more · episodes 2020-2026143
  15. Tab. 12.2Violence144

Chapter 13 Large Business Owners

  1. Tab. 13.1Indicators of arena 3.1149
  2. Fig. 13.1Readings of arena 3.1 by indicator150
  3. Fig. 13.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows ($ billion)151
  4. Fig. 13.3The 15 biggest of 99 ($ billion)151
  5. Fig. 13.4The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where152
  6. Fig. 13.5The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)152
  7. Fig. 13.6The biggest recipients (₹ crore)153
  8. Fig. 13.7Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (weekly reach, thousand AMA (BARC 2025 genre…)153
  9. Fig. 13.8The 8 biggest of 8 (weekly reach, thousand AMA (BARC 2025 genre…)153
  10. Fig. 13.9The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where154
  11. Fig. 13.10The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)154
  12. Fig. 13.11The biggest recipients (₹ crore)155
  13. Fig. 13.12Prosperity felt: voters better off, and happy with jobs, incomes and prices155

Chapter 14 Private Funding for Ideological Causes

  1. Tab. 14.1Indicators of arena 3.2159
  2. Fig. 14.1Readings of arena 3.2 by indicator159
  3. Fig. 14.2The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where160
  4. Fig. 14.3The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)160
  5. Fig. 14.4The biggest recipients (₹ crore)161
  6. Fig. 14.5By country of origin (₹ crore)161
  7. Fig. 14.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore a year)161
  8. Fig. 14.7The 15 biggest of 227 (₹ crore a year)162
  9. Fig. 14.8The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where163
  10. Fig. 14.9The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)163
  11. Fig. 14.10The biggest recipients (₹ crore)164
  12. Fig. 14.11By country of origin (₹ crore)164

Chapter 15 Trade Unions, Co-operatives and Farmer Organisations

  1. Tab. 15.1Indicators of arena 3.3166
  2. Fig. 15.1Readings of arena 3.3 by indicator167
  3. Fig. 15.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)167
  4. Fig. 15.3The 8 biggest of 8 (₹ crore)167
  5. Fig. 15.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)167
  6. Fig. 15.5The 7 biggest of 7 (₹ crore)168
  7. Tab. 15.2Co-operatives (facts without a number)168
  8. Fig. 15.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (members)169
  9. Fig. 15.7The 13 biggest of 13 (members)169
  10. Tab. 15.3Union membership (facts without a number)170
  11. Fig. 15.8Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (members of JBCCI-XI (union side, 18 total))170
  12. Fig. 15.9The 3 biggest of 3 (members of JBCCI-XI (union side, 18 total))171
  13. Fig. 15.10Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (votes)171
  14. Fig. 15.11The 3 biggest of 3 (votes)171
  15. Tab. 15.4Shop-floor polls (facts without a number)172
  16. Fig. 15.12Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (members)173
  17. Fig. 15.13The 3 biggest of 3 (members)173
  18. Tab. 15.5Farmer fronts (facts without a number)174
  19. Tab. 15.6Strikes and bandhs (facts without a number)176
  20. Fig. 15.14Co-operatives: who controls the largest co-ops and co-op banks, by size (elected boards)176
  21. Fig. 15.15Union members: BMS share of verified central trade-union membership177
  22. Fig. 15.16Shop floor: union recognition polls and bargaining seats in railways, coal, steel and transport177
  23. Fig. 15.17Farmer fronts: claimed members, Bharatiya Kisan Sangh vs the Kisan Sabha and farm-workers’ union177

Chapter 16 Universities and Think Tanks

  1. Tab. 16.1Indicators of arena 4.1181
  2. Fig. 16.1Readings of arena 4.1 by indicator182
  3. Fig. 16.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (index points (all think tanks = 100))182
  4. Fig. 16.3The 15 biggest of 70 (index points (all think tanks = 100))183
  5. Fig. 16.4Think tanks by reach: news articles 2017-26 + Wikipedia pages linking to them184
  6. Fig. 16.5Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore a year)184
  7. Fig. 16.6The 15 biggest of 31 (₹ crore a year)185
  8. Fig. 16.7Over time: think tank income (Observer Research Foundation, Centre for Policy Research, Rajiv Gandhi Foundation and 3 more) (₹ crore)186
  9. Fig. 16.8Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (university (VC post))186
  10. Fig. 16.9The 15 biggest of 147 (university (VC post))187
  11. Fig. 16.10Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (signatories)187
  12. Fig. 16.11The 15 biggest of 31 (signatories)188
  13. Fig. 16.12Academics’ open letters by year189
  14. Fig. 16.13Over time: academic open letters · letters189
  15. Fig. 16.14Over time: academic open letters · signatories189
  16. Fig. 16.15Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (number of posts)190
  17. Fig. 16.16The 15 biggest of 114 (number of posts)190
  18. Fig. 16.17Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)191
  19. Fig. 16.18The 15 biggest of 27 (₹ crore)191
  20. Fig. 16.19Over time: ICHR grant money, all themes, ICHR grant money, government-agenda themes, ICSSR grant money, all themes and 1 more · ₹ crore191
  21. Fig. 16.20Over time: ICHR agenda-theme share of grant money, ICSSR agenda-theme share of grant money · %192
  22. Fig. 16.21Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)192
  23. Fig. 16.22The 15 biggest of 17 (₹ crore)192
  24. Fig. 16.23Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore a year)193
  25. Fig. 16.24The 15 biggest of 50 (₹ crore a year)194

Chapter 17 Expert Authority within the State

  1. Tab. 17.1Indicators of arena 4.2197
  2. Fig. 17.1Readings of arena 4.2 by indicator198
  3. Fig. 17.2Think tanks and institutes cited by courts and Parliament (judgments + Parliament documents)199
  4. Fig. 17.3Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (venue-weighted citations 2014-26 (SC landmark…)199
  5. Fig. 17.4The 15 biggest of 193 (venue-weighted citations 2014-26 (SC landmark…)200
  6. Fig. 17.5Over time: named expert actors cited, venue-weighted · weighted citations200
  7. Fig. 17.6Over time: H share of named expert-actor citations) · %201
  8. Fig. 17.7Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)201
  9. Fig. 17.8The 15 biggest of 22 (₹ crore)202

Chapter 18 Schools, Textbooks and Civil-Service Preparation

  1. Tab. 18.1Indicators of arena 4.3204
  2. Fig. 18.1Readings of arena 4.3 by indicator205
  3. Fig. 18.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (pupils)206
  4. Fig. 18.3The 15 biggest of 20 (pupils)206
  5. Fig. 18.4Pupils in ideological school networks, millions207
  6. Fig. 18.5Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (school (EWISR ranked))207
  7. Fig. 18.6The 15 biggest of 191 (school (EWISR ranked))208
  8. Fig. 18.7Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (coded change)208
  9. Fig. 18.8The 15 biggest of 261 (coded change)209
  10. Fig. 18.9Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (audited item)209
  11. Fig. 18.10The 15 biggest of 108 (audited item)210
  12. Fig. 18.11Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)210
  13. Fig. 18.12The 9 biggest of 9 (₹ crore)210
  14. Fig. 18.13Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (provider booklist pages listing it (of 17))211
  15. Fig. 18.14The 10 biggest of 10 (provider booklist pages listing it (of 17))211

Chapter 19 Television News

  1. Tab. 19.1Indicators of arena 5.1215
  2. Fig. 19.1Readings of arena 5.1 by indicator216
  3. Fig. 19.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (weekly reach, thousands)217
  4. Fig. 19.3The 15 biggest of 103 (weekly reach, thousands)217
  5. Fig. 19.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million views, 12 months)217
  6. Fig. 19.5The 15 biggest of 149 (million views, 12 months)218

Chapter 20 Interpersonal Political Communication

  1. Tab. 20.1Indicators of arena 5.2220
  2. Fig. 20.1Readings of arena 5.2 by indicator221
  3. Fig. 20.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million trusted person-hours a week)222
  4. Fig. 20.3The 6 biggest of 6 (million trusted person-hours a week)222
  5. Fig. 20.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million trusted person-hours a week)222
  6. Fig. 20.5The 15 biggest of 23 (million trusted person-hours a week)223
  7. Fig. 20.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million trusted person-hours a week)224
  8. Fig. 20.7The 14 biggest of 14 (million trusted person-hours a week)225
  9. Fig. 20.8Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million trusted person-hours a week)226
  10. Fig. 20.9The 12 biggest of 12 (million trusted person-hours a week)226
  11. Fig. 20.10The 22 channels with the most trusted exposure: lean of their political content227

Chapter 21 Digital Platforms

  1. Tab. 21.1Indicators of arena 5.3230
  2. Fig. 21.1Readings of arena 5.3 by indicator232
  3. Fig. 21.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million views, 12 months)233
  4. Fig. 21.3The 15 biggest of 300 (million views, 12 months)233
  5. Fig. 21.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million followers)233
  6. Fig. 21.5The 15 biggest of 220 (million followers)234
  7. Fig. 21.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (number of answers)234
  8. Fig. 21.7The 15 biggest of 205 (number of answers)235
  9. Fig. 21.8Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million followers)235
  10. Fig. 21.9The 15 biggest of 193 (million followers)236
  11. Fig. 21.10Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million followers)236
  12. Fig. 21.11The 15 biggest of 222 (million followers)236
  13. Fig. 21.12Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million followers)237
  14. Fig. 21.13The 15 biggest of 413 (million followers)237
  15. Fig. 21.14Google News: who ranks for contested India searches (600 results, English and Hindi)238
  16. Fig. 21.15Wikipedia: how 30 contested India pages are framed, by pageviews238

Chapter 22 Newspapers and the Elite Press

  1. Tab. 22.1Indicators of arena 5.4240
  2. Fig. 22.1Readings of arena 5.4 by indicator241
  3. Fig. 22.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (readers, thousands)241
  4. Fig. 22.3The 15 biggest of 82 (readers, thousands)241
  5. Fig. 22.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (readers, thousands)241
  6. Fig. 22.5The 15 biggest of 18 (readers, thousands)242
  7. Fig. 22.6Each counted row: the 15 highest of 45 (elite credibility score 0-100 (0.45 trust +…)242
  8. Tab. 22.2Impact stories243

Chapter 23 Celebrities and Influencers

  1. Tab. 23.1Indicators of arena 5.5249
  2. Fig. 23.1Readings of arena 5.5 by indicator250
  3. Tab. 23.2Acts251
  4. Fig. 23.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million followers)253
  5. Fig. 23.3The 15 biggest of 134 (million followers)253

Chapter 24 Cinema and Streaming

  1. Tab. 24.1Indicators of arena 5.6256
  2. Fig. 24.1Readings of arena 5.6 by indicator256
  3. Fig. 24.2Cinema by industry, 2014-26: share of politically framed box office257
  4. Fig. 24.3Cinema over time, all industries257
  5. Fig. 24.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore gross)257
  6. Fig. 24.5The 15 biggest of 96 (₹ crore gross)258
  7. Fig. 24.6Over time: cinema gross, FRAME sample (₹ crore)258
  8. Fig. 24.7Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore gross)258
  9. Fig. 24.8The 15 biggest of 353 (₹ crore gross)259
  10. Fig. 24.9Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million viewers (Ormax))259
  11. Fig. 24.10The 15 biggest of 168 (million viewers (Ormax))260
  12. Fig. 24.11Over time: streaming originals Ormax viewership (m views)260
  13. Fig. 24.12Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (awards)260
  14. Fig. 24.13The 15 biggest of 18 (awards)261

Chapter 25 Vote Share

  1. Tab. 25.1Indicators of arena 6.1264
  2. Fig. 25.1Readings of arena 6.1 by indicator265
  3. Fig. 25.2NDA Lok Sabha seats under a uniform swing (points to NDA)266
  4. Fig. 25.3Each counted row (vote %)266
  5. Fig. 25.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (seats)266
  6. Fig. 25.5The 3 biggest of 3 (seats)266
  7. Fig. 25.6Over time: LS seats AAP, LS seats AIADMK, LS seats AITC and 3 more (seats of 543)267
  8. Fig. 25.7State elections 2024-26: NDA vs INDIA vote (%)268
  9. Fig. 25.8Each counted row: the 15 highest of 93 (vote %)269
  10. Fig. 25.9Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (seats)269
  11. Fig. 25.10The 15 biggest of 89 (seats)270
  12. Fig. 25.11The 15 biggest of 36 (thousand persons)270
  13. Fig. 25.12Bypolls 2024-26 (seats won)271
  14. Fig. 25.13Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (seats won)271
  15. Fig. 25.14The 15 biggest of 119 (seats won)271
  16. Fig. 25.15Over time: Bypoll NDA net gain, Bypoll NDA seats won, Bypoll seats contested · seats272
  17. Fig. 25.16Over time: Bypoll seats held by NDA before poll share, Bypoll seats won INDIA share, Bypoll seats won NDA share and 1 more · %272
  18. Fig. 25.17Over time: LS vote AAP, LS vote AIADMK, LS vote AITC and 3 more · % of valid votes incl NOTA273
  19. Fig. 25.18Over time: State assemblies NDA seat share · % of 4123 seats273
  20. Fig. 25.19Over time: State elections NDA share of NDA+INDIA vote, State elections held in year: pop-weighted INDI…, State elections held in year: pop-weighted NDA … and 3 more · %274
  21. Fig. 25.20Women voters: the NDA’s share of all women’s votes274

Chapter 26 The Conversion of Votes into Seats

  1. Tab. 26.1Indicators of arena 6.2276
  2. Fig. 26.1Readings of arena 6.2 by indicator277
  3. Fig. 26.2Seats by state in this scenario278
  4. Fig. 26.3NDA Lok Sabha seats under a uniform swing (points to NDA)278
  5. Fig. 26.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (seats)279
  6. Fig. 26.5The 15 biggest of 215 (seats)279
  7. Fig. 26.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (seats)279
  8. Fig. 26.7The 15 biggest of 45 (seats)280
  9. Fig. 26.8Each counted row (% seats NDA)280
  10. Fig. 26.9Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)280
  11. Fig. 26.10The 8 biggest of 8 (₹ crore)281

Chapter 27 Leadership Popularity

  1. Tab. 27.1Indicators of arena 6.3283
  2. Fig. 27.1Readings of arena 6.3 by indicator284
  3. Fig. 27.2Best person to be the next PM, % of respondents285
  4. Fig. 27.3Each counted row (% respondents)285
  5. Fig. 27.4Over time: MOTN best PM (Modi, Rahul Gandhi, Vijay and 3 more) · % respondents286
  6. Fig. 27.5Over time: MOTN best PM (Modi minus Rahul) · percentage points286
  7. Fig. 27.6Each counted row (% respondents)286
  8. Fig. 27.7Over time: MOTN Modi performance good/outstanding, MOTN Modi performance poor (% respondents)287
  9. Fig. 27.8Over time: Lokniti PM choice (Modi, Rahul Gandhi) (% respondents)287
  10. Fig. 27.9Over time: MOTN projected Lok Sabha vote share (NDA, INDIA) · % vote288
  11. Fig. 27.10Over time: MOTN best CM nationally (Yogi Adityanath, Arvind Kejriwal, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy and 1 more) · % respondents288
  12. Fig. 27.11Over time: Lokniti satisfied with central govt · % somewhat/fully satisfied289
  13. Fig. 27.12Over time: Lokniti dissatisfied with central govt · %289
  14. Fig. 27.13Over time: Lokniti satisfied with central govt, Morning Consult Modi approve · % approve289
  15. Fig. 27.14Over time: Morning Consult Modi disapprove · % disapprove290
  16. Fig. 27.15Over time: Pew Modi favourable · % favourable290
  17. Fig. 27.16Over time: Pew Modi unfavourable · % unfavourable290

Chapter 28 Party Finance

  1. Tab. 28.1Indicators of arena 6.4293
  2. Fig. 28.1Readings of arena 6.4 by indicator294
  3. Fig. 28.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)295
  4. Fig. 28.3The 15 biggest of 45 (₹ crore)295
  5. Fig. 28.4The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where296
  6. Fig. 28.5The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)296
  7. Fig. 28.6The biggest recipients (₹ crore)297
  8. Fig. 28.7Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)297
  9. Fig. 28.8The 15 biggest of 42 (₹ crore)297
  10. Fig. 28.9Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)298
  11. Fig. 28.10The 12 biggest of 12 (₹ crore)298

Chapter 29 Executive Office

  1. Tab. 29.1Indicators of arena 7.1302
  2. Fig. 29.1Readings of arena 7.1 by indicator303
  3. Fig. 29.2The 10 biggest of 10 (ministers)304
  4. Fig. 29.3Indians by who governs their state, % of people304
  5. Fig. 29.4States by population, % of Indians305
  6. Fig. 29.5Each counted row: the 15 highest of 35 (% of India population 2026)306
  7. Fig. 29.6The 15 biggest of 36 (offices)307

Chapter 30 Public Expenditure

  1. Tab. 30.1Indicators of arena 7.2309
  2. Fig. 30.1Readings of arena 7.2 by indicator310
  3. Fig. 30.2Public spending 2026-27 by who controls it, ₹ lakh crore310
  4. Fig. 30.3Indians by who governs their state, % of people311
  5. Fig. 30.4State spending 2026-27, ₹ lakh crore311
  6. Fig. 30.5Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)311
  7. Fig. 30.6The 15 biggest of 32 (₹ crore)312
  8. Fig. 30.7The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where312
  9. Fig. 30.8The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)312
  10. Fig. 30.9The biggest recipients (₹ crore)313
  11. Fig. 30.10Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)313
  12. Fig. 30.11The 15 biggest of 75 (₹ crore)314
  13. Fig. 30.12Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)314
  14. Fig. 30.13The 15 biggest of 29 (₹ crore)315

Chapter 31 Police and Central Agencies

  1. Tab. 31.1Indicators of arena 7.3317
  2. Fig. 31.1Readings of arena 7.3 by indicator318
  3. Fig. 31.2Indians by who governs their state, % of people318
  4. Fig. 31.3States by population, % of Indians319
  5. Fig. 31.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (persons (thousand))319
  6. Fig. 31.5The 15 biggest of 36 (persons (thousand))320
  7. Fig. 31.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (personnel)320
  8. Fig. 31.7The 15 biggest of 46 (personnel)321
  9. Fig. 31.8Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)321
  10. Fig. 31.9The 15 biggest of 43 (₹ crore)322

Chapter 32 The Civil Services

  1. Tab. 32.1Indicators of arena 7.4324
  2. Fig. 32.1Readings of arena 7.4 by indicator325
  3. Fig. 32.2Indians by who governs their state, % of people325
  4. Fig. 32.3States by population, % of Indians326
  5. Fig. 32.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (officers in position)326
  6. Fig. 32.5The 15 biggest of 50 (officers in position)327
  7. Fig. 32.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (number of appointments)327
  8. Fig. 32.7The 15 biggest of 67 (number of appointments)328
  9. Fig. 32.8The 15 biggest of 23 (number of records)329
  10. Fig. 32.9The 3 biggest of 3 (transfers in career)329
  11. Fig. 32.10The 10 biggest of 10 (letters)330
  12. Fig. 32.11The 4 biggest of 4 (signatories)330
  13. Fig. 32.12Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (officer)330
  14. Fig. 32.13The 15 biggest of 55 (officer)331

Chapter 33 Regulators, Commissions and Appointed Bodies

  1. Tab. 33.1Indicators of arena 7.5333
  2. Fig. 33.1Readings of arena 7.5 by indicator334
  3. Fig. 33.2Who controls the appointed Union bodies, % of bodies by year335
  4. Tab. 33.2The most powerful bodies (tier 1-2 first)336
  5. Fig. 33.3Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (number of bodies)337
  6. Fig. 33.4The 15 biggest of 102 (number of bodies)337
  7. Fig. 33.5Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (number of bodies)338
  8. Fig. 33.6The 15 biggest of 100 (number of bodies)338
  9. Fig. 33.7Trust in the vote: elections seen as free and fair, and the court record on “vote chori”338

Chapter 34 Parliament

  1. Tab. 34.1Indicators of arena 7.6341
  2. Fig. 34.1Readings of arena 7.6 by indicator342
  3. Fig. 34.2Lok Sabha now (Oct 2026): seats by party343
  4. Fig. 34.3For reference: Lok Sabha seats won in the 2024 election344
  5. Fig. 34.4NDA Lok Sabha seats under a uniform swing (points to NDA)344
  6. Fig. 34.5Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (seats)344
  7. Fig. 34.6The 15 biggest of 47 (seats)345
  8. Fig. 34.7Rajya Sabha strength now345
  9. Fig. 34.8Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (seats)345
  10. Fig. 34.9The 15 biggest of 39 (seats)346
  11. Fig. 34.10Each counted row (% ayes of ayes+noes)346

Chapter 35 The Judiciary

  1. Tab. 35.1Indicators of arena 7.7349
  2. Fig. 35.1Readings of arena 7.7 by indicator350
  3. Fig. 35.2High-significance rulings (4-5 of 5) by issue350
  4. Tab. 35.2The most significant rulings (5 of 5)351
  5. Fig. 35.3Each counted row: the 15 highest of 212 (rulings weighted by significance (1-5))352
  6. Fig. 35.4Rulings on contested issues by year: whose position prevailed352
  7. Tab. 35.3Judges354

Chapter 36 Internal Security

  1. Tab. 36.1Indicators of arena 7.8362
  2. Fig. 36.1Readings of arena 7.8 by indicator363
  3. Fig. 36.2Over time: Maoist districts (LWE activity districts, LWE affected districts, Most affected districts and 1 more) · districts364
  4. Fig. 36.3Over time: Maoist districts (Police stations LWE violence, Police stations LWE violence first half) · police stations365
  5. Fig. 36.4Over time: Maoist ground (Fortified police stations) · stations365
  6. Fig. 36.5Over time: Maoist ground (New security camps cumulative) · camps365
  7. Fig. 36.6Over time: Maoist ground (LWE influence area) · sq km366
  8. Fig. 36.7Over time: North-East ground (AFSPA Manipur police stations excluded) · police stations366
  9. Fig. 36.8Over time: North-East ground (Accord cadres Tripura, Accord cadres Assam) · cadres366
  10. Fig. 36.9Over time: North-East ground (AFSPA Arunachal districts full, AFSPA Assam districts full) · districts367
  11. Fig. 36.10Over time: Maoist violence, SATP (Maoists killed, Civilians killed, Security forces killed) · deaths367
  12. Fig. 36.11Over time: Maoist violence, SATP (Exchange ratio maoists per security forces) · ratio368
  13. Fig. 36.12Over time: Maoist violence, MHA (Maoists killed, Deaths civilians security forces, Civilians killed and 1 more) · deaths368
  14. Fig. 36.13Over time: Maoist violence, MHA (Exchange ratio maoists per security forces) · ratio368
  15. Fig. 36.14Over time: Maoist violence, MHA (LWE violent incidents total) · incidents369
  16. Fig. 36.15Over time: Maoist violence (LWE violent incidents)369
  17. Fig. 36.16Over time: North-East violence (North-East incidents decline vs 2014) · percent369
  18. Fig. 36.17Over time: North-East violence (North-East militants killed, North-East militants arrested, North-East militants surrendered and 2 more) · persons370
  19. Fig. 36.18Over time: North-East violence (North-East arms recovered) · weapons370
  20. Fig. 36.19Over time: North-East violence (North-East insurgency incidents) · incidents371
  21. Fig. 36.20Over time: North-East violence (Manipur militants killed, Manipur militants arrested, Manipur security forces civilians killed) · persons371
  22. Fig. 36.21Over time: North-East violence (Manipur insurgency incidents) · incidents371
  23. Fig. 36.22Over time: North-East violence, SATP (Manipur insurgency fatalities) · persons372
  24. Fig. 36.23Over time: North-East violence (Rest of North-East insurgency incidents, Assam insurgency incidents) · incidents372
  25. Fig. 36.24Over time: Punjab: Terrorists killed, Punjab, SATP: Terror arrests, Punjab: Civilians killed and 1 more (persons)373
  26. Fig. 36.25Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (organisations)373
  27. Fig. 36.26The 15 biggest of 20 (organisations)374
  28. Fig. 36.27Over time: Maoist ranks (Maoists arrested, Maoists surrendered, Maoists neutralised) (persons)375
  29. Fig. 36.28Over time: J&K (counted in Global Islam), MHA (Terrorists killed, Security forces killed, Civilians killed) · persons375
  30. Fig. 36.29Over time: J&K (counted in Global Islam), MHA (Terrorist incidents) · incidents376
  31. Fig. 36.30Over time: J&K (counted in Global Islam) (Terrorists killed, Security forces killed, Civilians killed and 3 more) (persons)376
  32. Fig. 36.31Over time: J&K (counted in Global Islam) (Encounters CT operations) · operations377
  33. Fig. 36.32Over time: J&K (counted in Global Islam) (Terrorist initiated incidents, Organised stone pelting, Stone pelting incidents) · incidents377
  34. Fig. 36.33Over time: Bans and prosecutions (NIA conviction rate) · percent377
  35. Fig. 36.34Over time: Bans and prosecutions, NCRB: UAPA arrests, Hinterland terror: Hinterland civilians killed, Hinterland terror: Hinterland security forces k… · persons378
  36. Fig. 36.35Over time: Hinterland terror (Hinterland terror attacks) · attacks378
  37. Fig. 36.36Ground held: the peak insurgent footprint now free of violence378
  38. Fig. 36.37Who pays in blood, 2024-26: insurgents killed vs security forces and civilians killed378
  39. Fig. 36.38Armed organisations: settled since 2019 vs still armed378
  40. Fig. 36.39Maoist ranks: cadres arrested or surrendered since 2024 vs still under arms379

Chapter 37 Western Media, Academia, Philanthropy and Rights Bodies

  1. Tab. 37.1Indicators of arena 8.1384
  2. Fig. 37.1Readings of arena 8.1 by indicator384
  3. Fig. 37.2How the index makers score India (all on a 0-100 scale)385
  4. Fig. 37.3Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (citations (of 545))385
  5. Fig. 37.4The 12 biggest of 12 (citations (of 545))386
  6. Fig. 37.5Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (submissions (of 72))386
  7. Fig. 37.6The 13 biggest of 13 (submissions (of 72))387
  8. Fig. 37.7Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (submissions (of 70))387
  9. Fig. 37.8The 12 biggest of 12 (submissions (of 70))388
  10. Fig. 37.9Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (mentions (of 269))388
  11. Fig. 37.10The 14 biggest of 14 (mentions (of 269))389
  12. Fig. 37.11The 15 biggest of 234 (communication (count))389
  13. Fig. 37.12Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (endnote citations in OHCHR summary)390
  14. Fig. 37.13The 15 biggest of 138 (endnote citations in OHCHR summary)390
  15. Fig. 37.14Over time: CIVICUS civic-space rating · 1 closed .. 5 open391
  16. Fig. 37.15Over time: EIU democracy score · score 0-10391
  17. Fig. 37.16Over time: Freedom House: Kashmir, Freedom House: Freedom in the World, Freedom House: Freedom on the Net and 1 more · score 0-100391
  18. Fig. 37.17Over time: Global Hunger Index score · score392
  19. Fig. 37.18Over time: ghi_score_as_published · score as published in each year's report392
  20. Fig. 37.19Over time: Hostile acts recorded · events392
  21. Fig. 37.20Over time: RSF press-freedom rank · rank393
  22. Fig. 37.21Over time: Scholars at Risk incidents · count393
  23. Fig. 37.22Over time: URLs blocked under s.69A · URLs/accounts blocked by MeitY under s.69A393
  24. Fig. 37.23Over time: URLs blocked under s.69A · URLs blocked394
  25. Fig. 37.24Over time: URLs blocked under s.69A · blocking orders394
  26. Fig. 37.25Over time: UN special-procedure letters · letters394
  27. Fig. 37.26Over time: Share India replied to · % replied by GoI395
  28. Fig. 37.27Over time: USCIRF status for India · 2 = CPC recommended, 1 = Tier 2, 0 = none395
  29. Fig. 37.28Over time: V-Dem academic freedom, V-Dem electoral democracy, V-Dem liberal democracy and 1 more · index 0-1395
  30. Fig. 37.29Over time: V-Dem academic-freedom coders · coders396
  31. Fig. 37.30Western foundations: money to Opposed-coded work in India, 2015-26, ₹ crore396
  32. Fig. 37.31Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)396
  33. Fig. 37.32The 15 biggest of 45 (₹ crore)397
  34. Fig. 37.33The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where397
  35. Fig. 37.34The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)398
  36. Fig. 37.35The biggest recipients (₹ crore)398
  37. Fig. 37.36By country of origin (₹ crore)398
  38. Fig. 37.37The 8 biggest of 8 (₹ crore)399
  39. Fig. 37.38The 2 biggest of 2 (associations)399
  40. Fig. 37.39The 10 biggest of 10 (USD million)400
  41. Fig. 37.40Each counted row (percent (avg CY2017-24))400
  42. Fig. 37.41The 3 biggest of 3 (/100)400
  43. Fig. 37.42Each counted row (percent)401
  44. Fig. 37.43Planning threat of each global player (reach × hostility, out of 100)401

Chapter 38 Global Technology Platforms

  1. Tab. 38.1Indicators of arena 8.2403
  2. Fig. 38.1Readings of arena 8.2 by indicator404
  3. Fig. 38.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million)405
  4. Fig. 38.3The 9 biggest of 9 (million)405
  5. Fig. 38.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)405
  6. Fig. 38.5The 3 biggest of 3 (₹ crore)405
  7. Fig. 38.6Each counted row (% (derived))405
  8. Fig. 38.7Each counted row (% of market)406
  9. Fig. 38.8Each counted row (% of UPI volume)406
  10. Fig. 38.9Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (hours/user/month)406
  11. Fig. 38.10The 6 biggest of 6 (hours/user/month)406
  12. Fig. 38.11Over time: PhonePe’s share of UPI, Google Pay’s share of UPI · % of UPI volume406
  13. Fig. 38.12Over time: Facebook users in India, Instagram users in India, YouTube users in India · million407
  14. Fig. 38.13Over time: Indian apps’ share of downloads, Gemini’s share of AI-app time · %407
  15. Tab. 38.2IT exports jobs and tax at stake408
  16. Fig. 38.14The 2 biggest of 2 (accounts)411
  17. Fig. 38.15The 2 biggest of 2 (case (1 = State won))411
  18. Fig. 38.16Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (act)411
  19. Fig. 38.17The 15 biggest of 54 (act)411
  20. Fig. 38.18Over time: URLs blocked under s.69A412
  21. Fig. 38.19Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (number of answers)412
  22. Fig. 38.20The 15 biggest of 205 (number of answers)412
  23. Fig. 38.21Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)412
  24. Fig. 38.22The 12 biggest of 12 (₹ crore)413
  25. Fig. 38.23The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where413
  26. Fig. 38.24The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)414
  27. Fig. 38.25The biggest recipients (₹ crore)414
  28. Fig. 38.26By country of origin (₹ crore)414
  29. Fig. 38.27The 12 biggest of 12 (lever outcome (1 held, 0.5 partial, 0 lost))415
  30. Fig. 38.28The 2 biggest of 2 (₹ crore)415
  31. Fig. 38.29Over time: meta_items_restricted_india · items restricted on local-law grounds415
  32. Fig. 38.30Over time: google_govt_removal_requests_india · requests416
  33. Fig. 38.31Over time: google_items_removed_india · items removed416
  34. Fig. 38.32Planning threat of each global player (reach × hostility, out of 100)416

Chapter 39 The United States

  1. Tab. 39.1Indicators of arena 8.3418
  2. Fig. 39.1Readings of arena 8.3 by indicator419
  3. Fig. 39.2Each counted row: the 15 highest of 18 (score /100)420
  4. Fig. 39.3Over time: H-1B petitions approved for Indians · approved petitions420
  5. Fig. 39.4Over time: Indians’ share of H-1B approvals · % of approved H-1B petitions421
  6. Fig. 39.5Over time: USA’s share of India’s exports · % of India total exports421
  7. Fig. 39.6Over time: India’s exports to USA, India’s imports from USA, Trade balance with USA · $ billion421
  8. Fig. 39.7Over time: USA’s share of India’s imports · % of India total imports422
  9. Fig. 39.8Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)422
  10. Fig. 39.9The 12 biggest of 12 (₹ crore)423
  11. Fig. 39.10Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (US$ (LDA filings mentioning India; amount…)423
  12. Fig. 39.11The 15 biggest of 38 (US$ (LDA filings mentioning India; amount…)424
  13. Fig. 39.12Over time: FARA (Government of India and BJP, other India principals) (US$)424
  14. Fig. 39.13The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where425
  15. Fig. 39.14The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)425
  16. Fig. 39.15The biggest recipients (₹ crore)426
  17. Fig. 39.16Over time: Hostile acts recorded (events)426
  18. Fig. 39.17Planning threat of each global player (reach × hostility, out of 100)426

Chapter 40 China

  1. Tab. 40.1Indicators of arena 8.4429
  2. Fig. 40.1Readings of arena 8.4 by indicator430
  3. Fig. 40.2The 15 biggest of 53 (US$ million)431
  4. Fig. 40.3Each counted row (percent)432
  5. Fig. 40.4Each counted row (percent (approx))432
  6. Fig. 40.5The 7 biggest of 7 (event (1 = occurred; date in notes))432
  7. Fig. 40.6The 4 biggest of 4 (USD mn)433
  8. Fig. 40.7Each counted row (%)433
  9. Fig. 40.8Over time: China’s share of India’s exports · % of India total exports433
  10. Fig. 40.9Over time: India’s exports to China, India’s imports from China, Trade balance with China · $ billion434
  11. Fig. 40.10Over time: China’s share of India’s imports · % of India total imports434
  12. Fig. 40.11Each counted row: the 15 highest of 18 (score /100)435
  13. Fig. 40.12The 5 biggest of 5 (places renamed)435
  14. Fig. 40.13Over time: Hostile acts recorded (events)436
  15. Fig. 40.14Planning threat of each global player (reach × hostility, out of 100)436

Chapter 41 Pakistan, Bangladesh and Transnational Islamist Networks

  1. Tab. 41.1Indicators of arena 8.5439
  2. Fig. 41.1Readings of arena 8.5 by indicator440
  3. Fig. 41.2Islamist networks & OIC: At home: Hindutva core vs Muslim political bloc (% of voters)441
  4. Fig. 41.3The 6 biggest of 6 (seats)441
  5. Fig. 41.4Each counted row (% of Muslim voters)441
  6. Fig. 41.5The 15 biggest of 44 (US$ million)442
  7. Fig. 41.6Each counted row (percent)442
  8. Fig. 41.7Each counted row (%)443
  9. Fig. 41.8The 13 biggest of 13 (USD mn)443
  10. Fig. 41.9The 6 biggest of 6 (persons)444
  11. Fig. 41.10Each counted row (% of value)444
  12. Fig. 41.11The 2 biggest of 2 (₹ crore)444
  13. Fig. 41.12The 3 biggest of 3 ($ billion)444
  14. Fig. 41.13The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where445
  15. Fig. 41.14The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)445
  16. Fig. 41.15The biggest recipients (₹ crore)446
  17. Fig. 41.16By country of origin (₹ crore)446
  18. Fig. 41.17Each counted row: the 15 highest of 18 (score /100)447
  19. Fig. 41.18The 5 biggest of 5 (persons)447
  20. Fig. 41.19Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (event)447
  21. Fig. 41.20The 2 biggest of 2 (event)448
  22. Fig. 41.21Each counted row (% of the pair)448
  23. Fig. 41.22Over time: Pakistan (Ceasefire violations on the LoC and IB) · CFVs448
  24. Fig. 41.23Over time: Pakistan (J&K encounters) · encounters448
  25. Fig. 41.24Over time: Pakistan (Security forces killed in J&K, Civilians killed in J&K, All fatalities in J&K and 1 more) · persons449
  26. Fig. 41.25Over time: Pakistan (Terrorist-initiated incidents in J&K, Major terror incidents in J&K) · incidents449
  27. Fig. 41.26Each counted row (0-10)449
  28. Fig. 41.27Over time: Pakistan (Pakistan’s share of India’s exports) · % of India total exports450
  29. Fig. 41.28Over time: Pakistan (India’s exports to Pakistan, India’s imports from Pakistan, Trade balance with Pakistan) · $ billion450
  30. Fig. 41.29Over time: Pakistan (Pakistan’s share of India’s imports) · % of India total imports450
  31. Fig. 41.30Each counted row (%)451
  32. Fig. 41.31Each counted row (0-10)451
  33. Fig. 41.32Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (million followers)451
  34. Fig. 41.33The 15 biggest of 413 (million followers)452
  35. Fig. 41.34Each counted row (score /100)452
  36. Fig. 41.35Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (US$ million)453
  37. Fig. 41.36The 6 biggest of 6 (US$ million)453
  38. Fig. 41.37Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (event (1 = occurred; date in notes))454
  39. Fig. 41.38The 4 biggest of 4 (event (1 = occurred; date in notes))454
  40. Fig. 41.39The 2 biggest of 2 (USD mn)454
  41. Fig. 41.40Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (event (count))454
  42. Fig. 41.41The 14 biggest of 14 (event (count))455
  43. Fig. 41.42Over time: Hostile acts recorded, Pakistan: Hostile acts recorded · events456
  44. Fig. 41.43Over time: OIC statements on India · OIC statements/resolutions on India recorded457
  45. Fig. 41.44Over time: Saudi Arabia’s share of India’s exports, UAE’s share of India’s exports · % of India total exports457
  46. Fig. 41.45Over time: India’s exports to Saudi Arabia, India’s imports from Saudi Arabia, Trade balance with Saudi Arabia and 3 more · $ billion458
  47. Fig. 41.46Over time: Saudi Arabia’s share of India’s imports, UAE’s share of India’s imports · % of India total imports458
  48. Fig. 41.47Planning threat of each global player (reach × hostility, out of 100)458
  49. Fig. 41.48Islamist networks & OIC: Security now: Islamist terror at home 2024-26 (J&K and the hinterland)459

Chapter 42 Europe, Russia, the Gulf and Other States

  1. Tab. 42.1Indicators of arena 8.6461
  2. Fig. 42.1Readings of arena 8.6 by indicator462
  3. Fig. 42.2Each counted row: the 15 highest of 27 (score /100)463
  4. Fig. 42.3Over time: Russia’s share of India’s exports · % of India total exports464
  5. Fig. 42.4Over time: India’s exports to Russia, India’s imports from Russia, Trade balance with Russia · $ billion464
  6. Fig. 42.5Over time: Russia’s share of India’s imports · % of India total imports464
  7. Fig. 42.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (US$ million)465
  8. Fig. 42.7The 15 biggest of 26 (US$ million)465
  9. Fig. 42.8Each counted row (percent)466
  10. Fig. 42.9The 15 biggest of 20 (USD mn)466
  11. Fig. 42.10Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)466
  12. Fig. 42.11The 6 biggest of 6 (₹ crore)467
  13. Fig. 42.12Each counted row (%)467
  14. Fig. 42.13The 15 biggest of 19 (exclusion (count))468
  15. Fig. 42.14The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where469
  16. Fig. 42.15The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)469
  17. Fig. 42.16The biggest recipients (₹ crore)470
  18. Fig. 42.17By country of origin (₹ crore)470
  19. Fig. 42.18Over time: Hostile acts recorded, Europe: Hostile acts recorded (events)470
  20. Fig. 42.19Planning threat of each global player (reach × hostility, out of 100)471

Chapter 43 Transnational Christian Organisations

  1. Tab. 43.1Indicators of arena 8.7473
  2. Fig. 43.1Readings of arena 8.7 by indicator474
  3. Fig. 43.2Each counted row (%)475
  4. Fig. 43.3Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore)475
  5. Fig. 43.4The 8 biggest of 8 (₹ crore)475
  6. Fig. 43.5The 9 biggest of 9 (₹ crore)476
  7. Fig. 43.6The money flow: from whom, through which camp, to where476
  8. Fig. 43.7The biggest sources, by the camp their money strengthens (₹ crore)477
  9. Fig. 43.8The biggest recipients (₹ crore)477
  10. Fig. 43.9By country of origin (₹ crore)477
  11. Fig. 43.10Over time: Open Doors World Watch List rank · rank478
  12. Fig. 43.11Over time: USCIRF status for India · 2 = CPC recommended, 1 = Tier 2, 0 = none478
  13. Fig. 43.12Planning threat of each global player (reach × hostility, out of 100)479

Chapter 44 The Diaspora and India’s Image Abroad

  1. Tab. 44.1Indicators of arena 8.8482
  2. Fig. 44.1Readings of arena 8.8 by indicator483
  3. Fig. 44.2Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (₹ crore a year)483
  4. Fig. 44.3The 15 biggest of 38 (₹ crore a year)484
  5. Fig. 44.4Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (US$ million)484
  6. Fig. 44.5The 15 biggest of 408 (US$ million)485
  7. Fig. 44.6Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (decisions won)485
  8. Fig. 44.7The 15 biggest of 50 (decisions won)486
  9. Fig. 44.8Over time: Pew: favourable view of India, Pew: unfavourable view of India (score or %)487
  10. Fig. 44.9Over time: Lowy Institute Asia Power Index: overall compre…, Lowy Institute Asia Power Index: diplomatic inf…, Lowy Institute Asia Power Index: cultural influ… and 1 more (score or %)487
  11. Fig. 44.10Planning threat of each global player (reach × hostility, out of 100)488
  12. Fig. 44.11Organisations abroad: Hindu and pro-India vs opposing (revenue, ₹ cr a year)488
  13. Fig. 44.12Lobbying and political money (FARA, LDA, PACs, 2020-26)488
  14. Fig. 44.13Resolutions and laws won abroad (caste, Hinduphobia, CAA, Khalistan), 2019-26488

Chapter 45 The Flow of Money: An Overview

  1. Fig. 45.1RW leads non-state money, mass exposure and Union institutions; the state moves the most money493
  2. Fig. 45.2Political, welfare and religious money dominate; most of it reaches GOV or unattributed recipients494
  3. Fig. 45.3Political, welfare and religious money dominate; most of it reaches GOV or unattributed recipients (influence-adjusted)494
  4. Fig. 45.4Each domain draws on a few source types; bloc money concentrates in religion, politics and education495
  5. Fig. 45.5Each domain draws on a few source types; bloc money concentrates in religion, politics and education (influence-adjusted)496
  6. Fig. 45.6GOV and unattributed money fill most of the map; LW and RW money is fragmented across many recipients496
  7. Fig. 45.7Non-state money: LW is 24% of LW+RW raw and 34% after evidence-derived multipliers (Lens 1); state and market money lean further RW497
  8. Fig. 45.8RW leads 8 of 11 layers (<45% LW); LW leads 1; near parity: L5 Legitimacy, L6 Identity497
  9. Fig. 45.9The 2015 jump is coverage, not change: religious-giving series (M2) begin; political money (M3) swung RW after 2014498
  10. Fig. 45.10GOV money is service delivery and institutions; RW money is mostly religious upkeep, party and ads; LW money is spread wider498
  11. Fig. 45.11Religion, state promotion, knowledge and corporate money lean RW; education, ESG, law and media money lean LW499
  12. Fig. 45.12RW-mapped parties ran 7 of these states in 2013 and 22 in 2026500
  13. Fig. 45.13Heatmap: state × layer balance501
  14. Fig. 45.14Money networks are hub-and-spoke: governments and aggregate private giving feed most large recipients502
  15. Fig. 45.15Influence per rupee is set by function, not bloc: the diagonals are the multipliers502

Chapter 46 Power Index, Dynamics and Scenarios

  1. Fig. 46.1Natural experiments: FCRA cancellations (synthesis)503
  2. Fig. 46.2Natural experiments: electoral bonds strike-down504
  3. Fig. 46.3Natural experiments: changes of government504
  4. Fig. 46.4Natural experiments: election cycle505
  5. Fig. 46.5Natural experiments: platform events505
  6. Fig. 46.6Power Vector Matrix explorer506
  7. Fig. 46.7India Power Index: top 50 with sub-index breakdown507
  8. Fig. 46.8Aggregate balance per layer over time with bands508
  9. Fig. 46.9Causal loop diagrams509
  10. Fig. 46.10Chokepoint map510
  11. Fig. 46.11Resilience / vulnerability radar per side510
  12. Fig. 46.12Scenario fan charts511
  13. Fig. 46.13Scenario layer balance in 2036511
  14. Fig. 46.14State-by-state small multiples of layer balance512

Chapter 47 Foreign and Diaspora Money

  1. Fig. 47.1FCRA totals513
  2. Fig. 47.2FCRA top recipients514
  3. Fig. 47.3T67 portfolios514
  4. Fig. 47.4ODA by channel515
  5. Fig. 47.5Religious funders515
  6. Fig. 47.6Diaspora funders516
  7. Fig. 47.7FARA516
  8. Fig. 47.8T10517

Chapter 48 Domestic Giving, CSR and the Religious Economy

  1. Fig. 48.1Fig H1518
  2. Fig. 48.2Fig H2519
  3. Fig. 48.3Fig K1519
  4. Fig. 48.4Fig M1520
  5. Fig. 48.5Fig J1520
  6. Fig. 48.6Fig S1521

Chapter 49 Political Money and Government Advertising

  1. Fig. 49.1Party income522
  2. Fig. 49.2Bonds Sankey523
  3. Fig. 49.3Trusts524
  4. Fig. 49.4Election spend524
  5. Fig. 49.5Digital ads525
  6. Fig. 49.6Per-capita govt ads526
  7. Fig. 49.7Election spikes527
  8. Fig. 49.8Out-of-state528
  9. Fig. 49.9Funds529
  10. Fig. 49.10T66 votes530

Chapter 50 Social Media and Information Infrastructure

  1. Fig. 50.1Indian users by platform, latest best-graded figure531
  2. Fig. 50.2Social-media money Sankey532
  3. Fig. 50.3Creator universe533
  4. Fig. 50.4X amplification network534
  5. Fig. 50.5Discourse share over time535
  6. Fig. 50.6V25536
  7. Fig. 50.7V35536
  8. Fig. 50.8V36537
  9. Fig. 50.9Documented actions against named accounts by initiator and target alignment537
  10. Fig. 50.10Fact-check direction by checker538
  11. Fig. 50.11Shutdown events per year and rate per governed state-year539
  12. Fig. 50.12Natural experiments539
  13. Fig. 50.13Left: share of the largest and top-2 firms in four infrastructure markets. Right: share of AI answers framed toward each bloc pole, by model540

Chapter 51 Whole-of-Population Discourse

  1. Fig. 51.1V28541
  2. Fig. 51.2V29542
  3. Fig. 51.3V34543
  4. Fig. 51.4T33 national544
  5. Fig. 51.5drivers544
  6. Fig. 51.6T34545
  7. Fig. 51.7V31546
  8. Fig. 51.8V33547
  9. Fig. 51.9V32548
  10. Fig. 51.10V30549

Chapter 52 News Media, Entertainment and Culture

  1. Fig. 52.1D4 outlet framing551
  2. Fig. 52.2Debates552
  3. Fig. 52.3T16553
  4. Fig. 52.4V15553
  5. Fig. 52.5Films554
  6. Fig. 52.6V17555

Chapter 53 Knowledge, Education and Expertise

  1. Fig. 53.1Union grants to UGC + central universities doubled in a decade; private liberal-arts universities run at a fraction of a large central university556
  2. Fig. 53.2Council money fell 35% in 2016-21, then rose to a record ₹309 cr in 2024-25; ICHR, IGNCA and ICSSR heads were replaced within three years of 2014558
  3. Fig. 53.3Awards tagged "Indian knowledge traditions" rose from 3.6% to 9.9% of ICSSR awards; caste and gender shares slipped559
  4. Fig. 53.4Income does not track Parliamentary reach, and the bodies led by ruling-party office-bearers publish no income560
  5. Fig. 53.5Faith-linked school networks rival the central government school systems: Catholic schools and Vidya Bharati each teach about 33 lakh children, roughly 2.5x Kendriya Vidyalayas561
  6. Fig. 53.6International scholarships mostly place notable alumni in academia and media; the direct routes into government run through mirror-image think-tank and advisory pipelines562
  7. Fig. 53.7Notable scholarship alumni flow mostly into academia; half of all government placements come from two mirror-image advisory pipelines564
  8. Fig. 53.8Consultancies serve governments of every bloc; most documented money is Union (NDA-era) contracts564
  9. Fig. 53.9The same firms and strategists work for governments and parties of every bloc565
  10. Fig. 53.10The Economic Survey's authorities are the state itself and multilaterals; Indian think tanks get 0–6% of named mentions566
  11. Fig. 53.11The Supreme Court names state expert bodies and multilaterals; science academies and index-makers get zero verified mentions567

Chapter 54 Control of State Institutions

  1. Fig. 54.1V37569
  2. Fig. 54.2F_D23 governors570
  3. Fig. 54.3V38570
  4. Fig. 54.4V39571
  5. Fig. 54.5V40572
  6. Fig. 54.6D25 trend573
  7. Fig. 54.7V41573
  8. Fig. 54.8F_D26574

Chapter 55 Economic Power, Welfare and Patronage

  1. Fig. 55.1V42a575
  2. Fig. 55.2V42b576
  3. Fig. 55.3F45577
  4. Fig. 55.4V43578
  5. Fig. 55.5F46579
  6. Fig. 55.6F47579
  7. Fig. 55.7F48580
  8. Fig. 55.8F36581
  9. Fig. 55.9F37581

Chapter 56 Religion, Demography, Identity and Memory

  1. Fig. 56.1Religious institutions582
  2. Fig. 56.2District religion maps583
  3. Fig. 56.3Religion growth 2001-11583
  4. Fig. 56.4TFR by religion584
  5. Fig. 56.5Delimitation seat change585
  6. Fig. 56.6Anti-conversion laws586
  7. Fig. 56.7Language reach586
  8. Fig. 56.8V46 memory timeline587

Chapter 57 Law, Labour, Science and Corporate Bodies

  1. Fig. 57.1Litigation direction588
  2. Fig. 57.2US foundation money589
  3. Fig. 57.3D10 green finance and exclusions590
  4. Fig. 57.4CTUO membership591
  5. Fig. 57.5Campus unions591
  6. Fig. 57.6D12 health money by label592
  7. Fig. 57.7RSS shakhas593
  8. Fig. 57.8Lobbying and chambers594
  9. Fig. 57.9Raw vs adjusted594

Chapter 58 International Opinion, Foreign Influence and Elite Networks

  1. Fig. 58.1Adjudicated labels by unit group596
  2. Fig. 58.2UPR stakeholder evidence and recommendations597
  3. Fig. 58.3UN Special Procedures communications and India's reply rate598
  4. Fig. 58.4UK APPG registered benefits598
  5. Fig. 58.5Lens-1 sourcing of foreign reports599
  6. Fig. 58.6India's normalised index trends599
  7. Fig. 58.7Indian sources behind each index600
  8. Fig. 58.8Lens-1 sourcing of foreign reports (reused)601
  9. Fig. 58.9Citer stance by language and actor type602
  10. Fig. 58.10Information operations by origin, target and side602
  11. Fig. 58.11India's soft-power budget series603
  12. Fig. 58.12Foreign influence flow map603
  13. Fig. 58.13V44: group share in elite institutions vs population share603
  14. Fig. 58.14Dynastic share by party603
  15. Fig. 58.15V45: elite network graph604
  16. Fig. 58.16Declared criminal cases by party and bloc604
  17. Fig. 58.17NCRB rioting series604
  18. Fig. 58.18Riot case outcomes604
  19. Fig. 58.19Terror-financing pipeline605

Chapter 59 Calibration and Classification

  1. Fig. 59.1Lens 1 family accuracy by coder607
  2. Fig. 59.2Lens 2 accuracy under frozen v1.0 and the proposed rules608
  3. Fig. 59.3Pre-registered vs evidence-derived weights609
  4. Fig. 59.4Alpha before and after the ruling610
  5. Fig. 59.5Lens 4 held-out accuracy611
  6. Fig. 59.613% of headline money rests on major estimates, concentrated in politics and religion612
  7. Fig. 59.7Lens 1 and the Ensemble agree on 72% of units; disagreements are bloc ↔ UNC, almost never LW ↔ RW (6 units)613
  8. Fig. 59.8Ideological space map (PCA of α–μ)614
  9. Fig. 59.9Dimension profiles (parallel coordinates)615
  10. Fig. 59.106 of the 30 largest recipients are contested: mostly aggregates whose bloc rests on Lens 1 defaults alone616
  11. Fig. 59.11Classification sensitivity tornado S0–S7617
  12. Fig. 59.12Most domains are clear-cut; in D1, D2, D8, D22 most units sit near 0.475 (thin evidence, not mixture)617
  13. Fig. 59.13Party bloc transitions follow alliance switches, in both directions618
  14. Fig. 59.1413 funders with a non-bloc own label fund LW-labelled portfolios; 6 LW-labelled funders fund mostly non-bloc work618

Chapter 60 The Composite Reading

  1. Fig. 60.1Readings by domain620
  2. Tab. 60.1All arenas, ordered by reading620

Chapter 61 Durable and Office-Dependent Power

  1. Fig. 61.1The composite with and without office624